【图论】Secret Passwords并查集

题目：

One unknown hacker wants to get the admin’s password of AtForces testing system, to get problems from the next contest. To achieve that, he sneaked into the administrator’s office and stole a piece of paper with a list of n passwords — strings, consists of small Latin letters.
Hacker went home and started preparing to hack AtForces. He found that the system contains only passwords from the stolen list and that the system determines the equivalence of the passwords a and b as follows:
two passwords a and b are equivalent if there is a letter, that exists in both a and b;
two passwords a and b are equivalent if there is a password c from the list, which is equivalent to both a and b.
If a password is set in the system and an equivalent one is applied to access the system, then the user is accessed into the system.
For example, if the list contain passwords “a”, “b”, “ab”, “d”, then passwords “a”, “b”, “ab” are equivalent to each other, but the password “d” is not equivalent to any other password from list. In other words, if:
admin’s password is “b”, then you can access to system by using any of this passwords: “a”, “b”, “ab”;
admin’s password is “d”, then you can access to system by using only “d”.
Only one password from the list is the admin’s password from the testing system. Help hacker to calculate the minimal number of passwords, required to guaranteed access to the system. Keep in mind that the hacker does not know which password is set in the system.

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#Input
The first line contain integer n (1≤n≤2⋅105) — number of passwords in the list. Next n lines contains passwords from the list – non-empty strings si, with length at most 50 letters. Some of the passwords may be equal.
It is guaranteed that the total length of all passwords does not exceed 106 letters. All of them consist only of lowercase Latin letters.
Output
In a single line print the minimal number of passwords, the use of which will allow guaranteed to access the system.
Examples
inputCopy
4
a
b
ab
d
outputCopy
2
inputCopy
3
ab
bc
abc
outputCopy
1
inputCopy
1
codeforces
outputCopy
1
Note
In the second example hacker need to use any of the passwords to access the system.
 

题意：

有n个密码，每个密码都是一个字符串。其中有一些密码是等价的，等价的定义：

1.字符串a，b中包含相同的字母。

2.字符串a和c等价，b和c等价，那么a和b等价（传递性）

解题思路：用并查集来解，每一串字符串和它包含的字母合成一个集合。

代码： 

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 3e5 + 7;
int fa[maxn], n;
string s[maxn];
int fi(int x)
{
	return fa[x] == x ? x : fa[x] = fi(fa[x]);
}
int main()
{
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 1;i <= n;i++)
		cin >> s[i];
	for (int j = 1;j <= n + 26;j++)
		fa[j] = j;
	for (int i = 1;i <= n;i++) {
		for (int j = 0;j < s[i].size();j++) {
			fa[fi(i)] = fa[fi(n + s[i][j] - 'a' + 1)];
		}
	}
	int ans = 0;
	set<int>vis;
	for (int i = 1;i <= n;i++) {
		if (!vis.count(fi(i))) {
			ans++;
			vis.insert(fi(i));
		}
	}
	cout << ans << endl;
	return 0;
}