【Qt专栏】Qt实现UDP单播通信

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前言

网络通信是程序员必须会的一项生存技能，这里简单的实现了UDP单播通信的一个小实例，代码可以直接拿来用，开发环境是Qt5.9.6。

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一、UDP通信实例

1.项目架构

2.udpsendreceive.h文件

#ifndef UDPSENDRECEIVE_H
#define UDPSENDRECEIVE_H

#include <QWidget>

#include <QUdpSocket>
#include <QtNetwork>

namespace Ui {
class UdpSendReceive;
}

class UdpSendReceive : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit UdpSendReceive(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~UdpSendReceive();
    void initNetwork(quint16 port);
    void stopNetwork();

private slots:
//自定义槽函数
    void    onSocketReadyRead();//读取socket传入的数据

    void on_pushButton_clicked();

private:
    Ui::UdpSendReceive *ui;
    QUdpSocket  *udpSocket;//
    QString getLocalIP();//获取本机IP地址

};

#endif // UDPSENDRECEIVE_H

3.udpsendreceive.cpp文件

#include "udpsendreceive.h"
#include "ui_udpsendreceive.h"

UdpSendReceive::UdpSendReceive(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::UdpSendReceive)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    initNetwork(5555);
}

UdpSendReceive::~UdpSendReceive()
{
    stopNetwork();
    delete ui;
}

void UdpSendReceive::initNetwork(quint16 port)
{
    udpSocket=new QUdpSocket(this);//用于与连接的客户端通讯的QTcpSocket
    connect(udpSocket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(onSocketReadyRead()));

    if (udpSocket->bind(port))//绑定监听端口成功
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("***已成功绑定端口："+QString::number(udpSocket->localPort()));
    else
        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("***绑定失败***");
}

void UdpSendReceive::stopNetwork()
{
    udpSocket->abort(); //不能解除绑定
    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("***已解除绑定***");
    delete udpSocket;
}

void UdpSendReceive::onSocketReadyRead()
{//读取收到的数据报
    while(udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams())
    {
        QByteArray   datagram;
        datagram.resize(udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize());

        QHostAddress peerAddr;
        quint16 peerPort;
        udpSocket->readDatagram(datagram.data(),datagram.size(),&peerAddr,&peerPort);
        QString str=datagram.data();
        QString peer="[From "+peerAddr.toString()+":"+QString::number(peerPort)+"] ";

        ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText(peer+str);
    }
}

QString UdpSendReceive::getLocalIP()
{
    QString ipString = Q_NULLPTR;
    QHostInfo hostInfo = QHostInfo::fromName(QHostInfo::localHostName());   //从本地主机名称获取主机信息
    QList<QHostAddress> listAddr = hostInfo.addresses();    //本地主机ip地址列表(IPV4/IPV6)
    foreach (auto addr, listAddr)
    {
        if((addr.isNull() == false) && (addr.protocol() == QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol)
                && (addr != QHostAddress::LocalHost))
        {
            ipString = addr.toString();   //根据条件筛选出本地IPV4地址
        }
    }
    return ipString;
}

void UdpSendReceive::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
    QString  msg=ui->lineEdit->text();//发送的消息内容
    QByteArray  str=msg.toUtf8();

    QString     targetIP=getLocalIP(); //目标IP
    QHostAddress    targetAddr(targetIP);

    quint16     targetPort=5555;//目标port（同一计算机上运行需要绑定不同的端口，确保ip+port唯一）

    udpSocket->writeDatagram(str,targetAddr,targetPort); //发出数据报

    ui->lineEdit->setFocus();
    if(ui->lineEdit->text().isEmpty())return;
    ui->lineEdit->clear();

    ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[发送] "+msg);
}

4.参数效果

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总结

好了，这个小程序写完并可以运行进行通信，简单的实现，原理后序会专门写篇文章，这里可以直接照着上述写就OK啦，886！