java classpath 是什么，直观展示

说明

1. @author JellyfishMIX - github / blog.jellyfishmix.com
2. LICENSE GPL-2.0

classpath 说明

1. classpath 是启动 jar 包时指定的，通常 classpath 包含:
   1. 依赖的 jar 包在机器上的路径。
   2. 项目代码(工程中的 java 路径下的文件)。
   3. resources 路径下的文件。
2. 可以在 javac 编译后的代码中看到除依赖以外的 classpath 内容。

这是我的一个 demo 项目，通过 java -jar 命令启动 demo 项目 jar 包时，指定了 classpath，jdk.internal.loader.URLClassPath 可以去 classpath 指定的路径里加载文件或类。

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-17.0.6.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=57121:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/qianshijie/Programming/Backend/Java/Repos/jellyfishmix/spring-boot-explore/spring-boot-explore-server/target/classes:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-web/3.2.0/spring-boot-starter-web-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter/3.2.0/spring-boot-starter-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot/3.2.0/spring-boot-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-core/6.1.1/spring-core-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-jcl/6.1.1/spring-jcl-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-context/6.1.1/spring-context-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-aop/6.1.1/spring-aop-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-beans/6.1.1/spring-beans-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-expression/6.1.1/spring-expression-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-observation/1.12.0/micrometer-observation-1.12.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/io/micrometer/micrometer-commons/1.12.0/micrometer-commons-1.12.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/3.2.0/spring-boot-autoconfigure-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/3.2.0/spring-boot-starter-logging-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.4.11/logback-classic-1.4.11.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-core/1.4.11/logback-core-1.4.11.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/2.0.9/slf4j-api-2.0.9.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-to-slf4j/2.21.1/log4j-to-slf4j-2.21.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/apache/logging/log4j/log4j-api/2.21.1/log4j-api-2.21.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/slf4j/jul-to-slf4j/2.0.9/jul-to-slf4j-2.0.9.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/jakarta/annotation/jakarta.annotation-api/2.1.1/jakarta.annotation-api-2.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/yaml/snakeyaml/2.2/snakeyaml-2.2.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-json/3.2.0/spring-boot-starter-json-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-web/6.1.1/spring-web-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-databind/2.15.3/jackson-databind-2.15.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-annotations/2.15.3/jackson-annotations-2.15.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/jackson-core/2.15.3/jackson-core-2.15.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jdk8/2.15.3/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.15.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/datatype/jackson-datatype-jsr310/2.15.3/jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.15.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/fasterxml/jackson/module/jackson-module-parameter-names/2.15.3/jackson-module-parameter-names-2.15.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/3.2.0/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-core/10.1.16/tomcat-embed-core-10.1.16.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-el/10.1.16/tomcat-embed-el-10.1.16.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/apache/tomcat/embed/tomcat-embed-websocket/10.1.16/tomcat-embed-websocket-10.1.16.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/spring-webmvc/6.1.1/spring-webmvc-6.1.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-starter-test/3.2.0/spring-boot-starter-test-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test/3.2.0/spring-boot-test-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/springframework/boot/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure/3.2.0/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-3.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/com/jayway/jsonpath/json-path/2.8.0/json-path-2.8.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/net/minidev/json-smart/2.5.0/json-smart-2.5.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/net/minidev/accessors-smart/2.5.0/accessors-smart-2.5.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.3/asm-9.3.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/jakarta/xml/bind/jakarta.xml.bind-api/4.0.1/jakarta.xml.bind-api-4.0.1.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/jakarta/activation/jakarta.activation-api/2.1.2/jakarta.activation-api-2.1.2.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/assertj/assertj-core/3.24.2/assertj-core-3.24.2.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/net/bytebuddy/byte-buddy/1.14.10/byte-buddy-1.14.10.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/awaitility/awaitility/4.2.0/awaitility-4.2.0.jar:/Users/qianshijie/.m2/repository/org/hamcrest/hamcres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com.jellyfishmix.springbootexplore.server.SpringBootExploreApplication

项目依赖编译后位置

1. 打 war 包时这些 jar 包会被装进 war 包里，tomcat 加载 war 包后将依赖 jar 放入 /webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/lib
   1. (ROOT 是 maven 打包时 pom.xml 自定义的项目名)
2. war 包放到 tomcat 上后使用 tomcat 所在的 jvm 执行，tomcat 会指定 classpath。
3. 加载 jar 包使用的类是 jdk.internal.loader.URLClassPath，有属性 JarLoader 和 FileLoader。
4. 如果构建项目采用打 jar 包方式，依赖会被放入编译后的 jar 包中，称为"fat jar"。