logging.getLogger:创建日志收集器
创建日志收集器时不传name参数,返回默认的收集器(root),传name参数则会创建一个新的日志收集器
import logging
# 创建日志收集器
log = logging.getLogger("Tony")
# 设置日志收集器收集日志的等级
log.setLevel("INFO")
# ①设置输出日志的等级
# 1、创建一个日志输出的渠道(输出到控制台)
sh = logging.StreamHandler()
sh.setLevel("DEBUG")
# 2、将输出渠道绑定到日志收集器上
log.addHandler(sh)
# ②创建一个日志输出到文件
fh = logging.FileHandler('Tony.log', encoding='utf-8')
fh.setLevel("DEBUG")
# 2、将输出渠道绑定到日志收集器上
log.addHandler(fh)
# ③设置日志输出的等级
log_format = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
# 设置输出到控制台的日志格式
sh.setFormatter(log_format)
# 设置输出到文件的日志格式
fh.setFormatter(log_format)
封装logging:
import logging
def create_log(name, level='DEBUG', filename="log.log", sh_level='DEBUG'):
# 第一步:创建日志收集器
log = logging.getLogger(name)
# 第二步:设置日志收集器收集日志的等级
log.setLevel("DEBUG")
# 第三步:设置日志的输出渠道
# 3.1、创建一个日志输出的渠道(输出到控制台)
sh = logging.StreamHandler()
sh.setLevel("DEBUG")
# 将输出渠道绑定到日志收集器上
log.addHandler(sh)
# 3.2、创建一个日志输出到文件
fh = logging.FileHandler(filename, encoding='utf-8')
fh.setLevel("DEBUG")
# 将输出渠道绑定到日志收集器上
log.addHandler(fh)
# 第四步:设置日志输出的等级
log_format = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
# 设置输出到控制台的日志格式
sh.setFormatter(log_format)
# 设置输出到文件的日志格式
fh.setFormatter(log_format)
# 返回一个收集器
return log
通过JSON或者YAML文件配置logging模块
尽管可以在Python代码中配置logging,但是这样并不够灵活,最好的方法是使用一个配置文件来配置。在Python 2.7及以后的版本中,可以从字典中加载logging配置,也就意味着可以通过JSON或者YAML文件加载日志的配置。
通过JSON文件配置
{
"version":1,
"disable_existing_loggers":false,
"formatters":{
"simple":{
"format":"%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
}
},
"handlers":{
"console":{
"class":"logging.StreamHandler",
"level":"DEBUG",
"formatter":"simple",
"stream":"ext://sys.stdout"
},
"info_file_handler":{
"class":"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level":"INFO",
"formatter":"simple",
"filename":"info.log",
"maxBytes":"10485760",
"backupCount":20,
"encoding":"utf8"
},
"error_file_handler":{
"class":"logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler",
"level":"ERROR",
"formatter":"simple",
"filename":"errors.log",
"maxBytes":10485760,
"backupCount":20,
"encoding":"utf8"
}
},
"loggers":{
"my_module":{
"level":"ERROR",
"handlers":["info_file_handler"],
"propagate":"no"
}
},
"root":{
"level":"INFO",
"handlers":["console","info_file_handler","error_file_handler"]
}
}
通过JSON加载配置文件,然后通过logging.dictConfig配置logging
import json
import logging.config
import os
def setup_logging(default_path = "logging.json",default_level = logging.INFO,env_key = "LOG_CFG"):
path = default_path
value = os.getenv(env_key,None)
if value:
path = value
if os.path.exists(path):
with open(path,"r") as f:
config = json.load(f)
logging.config.dictConfig(config)
else:
logging.basicConfig(level = default_level)
def func():
logging.info("start func")
logging.info("exec func")
logging.info("end func")
if __name__ == "__main__":
setup_logging(default_path = "logging.json")
func()
通过YAML文件配置
通过YAML文件进行配置,比JSON看起来更加简介明了
version: 1
disable_existing_loggers: False
formatters:
simple:
format: "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
handlers:
console:
class: logging.StreamHandler
level: DEBUG
formatter: simple
stream: ext://sys.stdout
info_file_handler:
class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level: INFO
formatter: simple
filename: info.log
maxBytes: 10485760
backupCount: 20
encoding: utf8
error_file_handler:
class: logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level: ERROR
formatter: simple
filename: errors.log
maxBytes: 10485760
backupCount: 20
encoding: utf8
loggers:
my_module:
level: ERROR
handlers: [info_file_handler]
propagate: no
root:
level: INFO
handlers: [console,info_file_handler,error_file_handler]
通过YAML加载配置文件,然后通过logging.dictConfig配置logging
import yaml
import logging.config
import os
def setup_logging(default_path = "logging.yaml",default_level = logging.INFO,env_key = "LOG_CFG"):
path = default_path
value = os.getenv(env_key,None)
if value:
path = value
if os.path.exists(path):
with open(path,"r") as f:
config = yaml.load(f)
logging.config.dictConfig(config)
else:
logging.basicConfig(level = default_level)
def func():
logging.info("start func")
logging.info("exec func")
logging.info("end func")
if __name__ == "__main__":
setup_logging(default_path = "logging.yaml")
func()