Hibernate如何使用Blob对象类型（秒懂）

Hibernate中Blob对象类型的使用

编辑器 Intellij IDEA 2019 3.3

先创建Hibernate项目，导入相应的安装包

工具包：下载

1. hibernate.cfg.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
   <session-factory>
      <!-- 1. 数据库链接 -->
      <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">org.h2.Driver</property>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:h2:~/h2/h2demo;AUTO_SERVER=TRUE</property>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.username">sa</property>
      <property name="hibernate.connection.password"></property>
      <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect</property>

      <!-- 2. 其他相关配置 -->
        <!-- 2.1 显示hibernate在运行时候执行的sql语句 -->
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">false</property>
        <!-- 2.2 格式化sql -->
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">false</property>
        <!-- 2.3 自动建表  -->
        <!-- <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>  -->

        <!--3. 加载所有映射-->
        <mapping resource="db/hibernate/College.hbm.xml"/>
      <mapping resource="db/hibernate/Student.hbm.xml"/>
   </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

1.1 数据库 dialect

数据库	方言属性
DB2	org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect
HSQLDB	org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
HypersonicSQL	org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
Informix	org.hibernate.dialect.InformixDialect
Ingres	org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect
Interbase	org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect
Microsoft SQL Server 2000	org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect
Microsoft SQL Server 2005	org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect
Microsoft SQL Server 2008	org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2008Dialect
MySQL	org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
Oracle (any version)	org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect
Oracle 11g	org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
Oracle 10g	org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect
Oracle 9i	org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9iDialect
PostgreSQL	org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
Progress	org.hibernate.dialect.ProgressDialect
SAP DB	org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect
Sybase	org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect
Sybase Anywhere	org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseAnywhereDialec

1.2 参数配置

• hibernate.dialect

  • 使 Hibernate 应用为被选择的数据库生成适当的 SQL
  • ◦org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect

• hibernate.connection.driver_class

  • JDBC 驱动程序类

• hibernate.connection.url

  • 数据库实例的 JDBC URL

• hibernate.connection.username

  • 数据库用户名

• hibernate.connection.password

  • 数据库密码

• hibernate.connection.pool_size

  • 限制在 Hibernate 应用数据库连接池中连接的数量

• hibernate.connection.autocommit

  • 允许在 JDBC 连接中使用自动提交模式

2. 实体类 Student.java

photo 为 Bolo 类型

public class Student {
   private int id;
   private String no;
   private String name;
   private int age;
   private Date birthday;
   private Blob photo;

   public Student() {}

   public Student(int id, String no, String name, int age, Date birthday) {
      this.id = id;
      this.no = no;
      this.name = name;
      this.age = age;
      this.birthday = birthday;
   }
   public int getId() {
      return id;
   }

   public void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }

   public String getNo() {
      return no;
   }

   public void setNo(String no) {
      this.no = no;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }

   public int getAge() {
      return age;
   }

   public void setAge(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }

   public Date getBirthday() {
      return birthday;
   }

   public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
      this.birthday = birthday;
   }

   public Blob getPhoto() {
      return photo;
   }

   public void setPhoto(Blob photo) {
      this.photo = photo;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      return "Student{" +
            "id=" + id +
            ", no='" + no + '\'' +
            ", name='" + name + '\'' +
            ", age=" + age +
            ", birthday=" + birthday +
            ", photo=" + photo +
            '}';
   }
}

3. 配置 Student.hbm.xml

用Hibernate映射到数据库中所使用的类型

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2019-3-31 23:15:19 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="db.jdbc.Student" table="STUDENT">
        <id name="Id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="ID" />
            <generator class="assigned" />
        </id>
        <!-- 添加属性和表字段的映射 -->
        <property name="no" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="NO" />
        </property>
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="NAME"/>
        </property>
        <property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="AGE"/>
        </property>
        <!--使用 java.util.Date 类型，在数据库中字段的类型为 datetime（会出现时分秒）-->
        <!--<property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date">-->
        <property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date">
            <column name="BIRTHDAY"/>
        </property>
        
        <property name="photo" type="java.sql.Blob" column="PHOTO"></property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

4. 添加测试类

两个测试方法：insertPhoto() 插入一条记录；readPhoto() 读一条记录并保存

/**
 * @author hz
 * @date 2020/4/23
 */

public class TestStudent {
    private SessionFactory factory;
    private Session session;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        //创建服务注册对象
        StandardServiceRegistry standardRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure().build();
        Metadata metadata = new MetadataSources(standardRegistry).getMetadataBuilder().build();
        factory = metadata.buildSessionFactory();
        //会话对象
        session = factory.openSession();
        //开启事务
        session.beginTransaction();
    }

    @After
    public void destory() {
        session.getTransaction().commit(); //提交事务
        session.close(); //关闭会话
        factory.close(); //关闭会话工厂
    }

    
    @Test
    public void insertPhoto() throws IOException {
        // 生日
        long b = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Date birthday = new Date(b - b % oneDay);
        // 获取图片
        String imagePath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\t3.jpg";
        File file = new File(imagePath);
        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);
        Student student = new Student(888, "20170104", "王五", 20, birthday);
        // 创建一个Blob对象
        Blob image = Hibernate.getLobCreator(session).createBlob(is, is.available());
        // 设置照片属性
        student.setPhoto(image);
        session.save(student);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void readPhoto() throws SQLException, IOException {
        // 主键为 888 的记录
        Student student = session.get(Student.class, 888);
        // 获取blob 对象
        Blob blob = student.getPhoto();
        // 获取照片输入流
        InputStream is = blob.getBinaryStream();
        // 创建输出流
        String imagePath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\t4.jpg";
        File file = new File(imagePath);
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
        // 创建缓冲区
        byte [] buffer = new byte[is.available()];
        is.read(buffer);
        os.write(buffer);
        is.close();
        os.close();
    }

}

查看数据，数据插入成功：