原型模式基本介绍
1、原型模式(Prototype)是指：用原型实例制定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型，创建新的对象。
2、原型模式是一种创见型设计模式，允许一个对象创建再创建另外一个可定制的对象，无需知道如何创建细节。
3、工作原理：通过将一个原型对象传给那个要发动创建的对象，这个要发动创建的对象通过请求原型对象拷贝他们自己来实施创建，即对象.clone()。
（Java中Object类是所有类的根类，Object类提供了一个clone()方法，该方法可以将一个Java对象复制一份，但是需要实现clone的Java类必须要
实现一个接口Cloneable，该接口表示该类能够复制且具有复制的能力。）
案例描述
现在有一只羊tom,姓名为：tom，年龄为：1，颜色为：白色，请编写程序创建和tom羊属性完全相同的10只羊。
tom羊对象创建
package prototype.clone;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: hzm
* @CreateDate: 2022/12/22 14:59
*/
public class Sheep implements Cloneable {
/**
* 姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String color;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", color='" + color + '\'' +
'}';
}
/**
* 复写集成的类Cloneable中克隆方法，实现对象属性克隆
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Object clone() {
Sheep sheep = null;
try {
sheep = (Sheep)super.clone();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return sheep;
}
}
客户端实现克隆方法
package prototype.clone;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: hzm
* @CreateDate: 2022/12/22 15:07
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("~原型模式完成对象的创建~");
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("Tom", 1, "白色");
Sheep sheep1 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep5 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
System.out.println("sheep = " + sheep);
System.out.println("sheep1 = " + sheep1);
System.out.println("sheep2 = " + sheep2);
System.out.println("sheep3 = " + sheep3);
System.out.println("sheep4 = " + sheep4);
System.out.println("sheep5 = " + sheep5);
}
}
输出结果
原型模式浅拷贝
1、对于数据类型是基本数据类型的成员变量，浅拷贝会直接进行值传递，也就是将该属性值赋值一份给新对象。
2、对于数据类型是引用数据类型的成员变量，比如说成员变量是某个数组、某个类的对象等，那么浅拷贝会进行引用传递，也就是只是将该成员变量的引用
值(内存地址)复制一份给新的对象。因为实际上两个对象的该成员变量都指向同一个实例。在这种情况下，在一个对象中修改该成员变量会影响到另一个对象
的该成员变量值。（解决该问题可以通过下面深拷贝来处理）
package prototype.clone;
/**
* @Description: 给克隆羊增加一个属性，friend属性。
* @Author: hzm
* @CreateDate: 2022/12/22 14:59
*/
public class Sheep implements Cloneable {
/**
* 姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 年龄
*/
private int age;
/**
* 颜色
*/
private String color;
public Sheep friend;
public Sheep(String name, int age, String color) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.color = color;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Sheep{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", color='" + color + '\'' +
'}';
}
/**
* 复写集成的类Cloneable中克隆方法
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Object clone() {
Sheep sheep = null;
try {
sheep = (Sheep)super.clone();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
return sheep;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("~原型模式完成对象的创建~");
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("Tom", 1, "白色");
sheep.friend = new Sheep("Jack", 2, "黑色");
Sheep sheep1 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep5 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
System.out.println("被克隆sheep = " + sheep + " 被克隆sheep.hashCode = " + sheep.hashCode() + " 被克隆sheep.friend.hashCode = " + sheep.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep1 = " + sheep1 + " sheep1.hashCode = " + sheep1.hashCode() + " sheep1.friend.hashCode = " + sheep1.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep2 = " + sheep2 + " sheep2.hashCode = " + sheep2.hashCode() + " sheep2.friend.hashCode = " + sheep2.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep3 = " + sheep3 + " sheep3.hashCode = " + sheep3.hashCode() + " sheep3.friend.hashCode = " + sheep3.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep4 = " + sheep4 + " sheep4.hashCode = " + sheep4.hashCode() + " sheep4.friend.hashCode = " + sheep4.friend.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep5 = " + sheep5 + " sheep5.hashCode = " + sheep5.hashCode() + " sheep5.friend.hashCode = " + sheep5.friend.hashCode());
}
运行结果：
3、上面克隆羊便是浅拷贝，因为数据类型是基本数据类型的成员变量，克隆羊的对象属性值都会被克隆。修改克隆后的新对象数据，不会对原被克隆对象属
性值有影响。
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("~原型模式完成对象的创建~");
Sheep sheep = new Sheep("Tom", 1, "白色");
Sheep sheep1 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep2 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep3 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
sheep3.setAge(12);
Sheep sheep4 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
Sheep sheep5 = (Sheep) sheep.clone();
System.out.println("被克隆sheep = " + sheep + " 被克隆sheep.hashCode = " + sheep.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep1 = " + sheep1 + " sheep1.hashCode = " + sheep1.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep2 = " + sheep2 + " sheep2.hashCode = " + sheep2.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep3 = " + sheep3 + " sheep3.hashCode = " + sheep3.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep4 = " + sheep4 + " sheep4.hashCode = " + sheep4.hashCode());
System.out.println("sheep5 = " + sheep5 + " sheep5.hashCode = " + sheep5.hashCode());
}
运行结果：
4、浅拷贝使用默认的clone()方法实现的。
sheep= (Sheep)super.clone();
原型模式深拷贝
1、复制对象的所有基本数据类型的成员变量值
2、为所有引用数据类型的成员变量申请存储空间，并复制每个引用数据类型成员变量所引用的对象，直到该对象可达的所有对象。也就是说，对象进行深拷贝要对整个对象进行拷贝
3、深拷贝实现方式1：重写clone方法来实现深拷贝
4、深拷贝实现方式2：通过对象序列号实现深拷贝
深拷贝方式
创建DeepCloneTarget对象、DeepProtoType 对象。DeepCloneTarget对象为DeepProtoType 对象的引用对象。
package deepclone;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: hzm
* @CreateDate: 2022/12/22 17:09
*/
public class DeepCloneTarget implements Serializable,Cloneable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String cloneName;
private String cloneClass;
public DeepCloneTarget(String cloneName, String cloneClass) {
this.cloneName = cloneName;
this.cloneClass = cloneClass;
}
// 因为该类的属性，都是String，因此我们这里使用默认的clone完成即可。
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
}
package deepclone;
import java.io.*;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: hzm
* @CreateDate: 2022/12/22 17:30
*/
public class DeepProtoType implements Serializable,Cloneable {
public String name;
public DeepCloneTarget deepCloneTarget;
public DeepProtoType() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "DeepProtoType{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", deepCloneTarget=" + deepCloneTarget +
'}';
}
// 深拷贝-方式1使用clone方法
@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
Object deep = null;
// 这里完成对基本数据类型(属性)和String的克隆
deep = super.clone();
// 对引用类型的属性，进行单独克隆
DeepProtoType deepProtoType = (DeepProtoType)deep;
deepProtoType.deepCloneTarget = (DeepCloneTarget)deepCloneTarget.clone();
return deep;
}
// 深拷贝-方式2通过对象实例化实现(推荐)
public Object deepClone() {
// 定义字节输出流
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
// 定义对象输出流
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
// 定义字节输入流
ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;
// 定义对象输入流
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
// 序列化
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); // 创建字节流
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos); // 将字节流转换成对象流
oos.writeObject(this); // 当前这个对象以对象流的方式输出
// 反序列化
bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()); // 将输出的字节流输入(相当于克隆字节流)
ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);// 将输入的字节流，输入到对象流中
DeepProtoType copyObj = (DeepProtoType)ois.readObject(); //读输入的对象流，即为克隆后的对象
return copyObj;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
} finally {
try {
// 关闭流
bos.close();
oos.close();
bis.close();
ois.close();
} catch (Exception e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
调用方法：
package deepclone;
/**
* @Description:
* @Author: hzm
* @CreateDate: 2022/12/22 17:34
*/
public class client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("~~原型策略默认方式实现深拷贝~~");
DeepProtoType p = new DeepProtoType();
p.name = "宋江";
p.deepCloneTarget = new DeepCloneTarget("大牛","大牛的类");
// 方式1完成深拷贝
DeepProtoType p2 = (DeepProtoType)p.clone();
System.out.println("~~深拷贝-方式1通过clone方法实现~~");
System.out.println("p=" + p + " p.deepCloneTarget = " + p.deepCloneTarget.hashCode());
System.out.println("p2=" + p2 + " p2.deepCloneTarget = " + p2.deepCloneTarget.hashCode());
// 方式2完成深拷贝
DeepProtoType p3 = (DeepProtoType)p.deepClone();
System.out.println("~~深拷贝-方式2通过对象实例化实现~~");
System.out.println("p=" + p + " p.deepCloneTarget = " + p.deepCloneTarget.hashCode());
System.out.println("p3=" + p3 + " p3.deepCloneTarget = " + p3.deepCloneTarget.hashCode());
}
}
执行结果：
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