前言:
这set_类前提条件是区间已经有序,这样才能用此算法,简单来说,此类算法对应的就是我们高中常说的交集,并集,补集,差集等等。
set_union —> 并集
//default (1)
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_union (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result);
//custom (2)
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,
class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_union (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
set_union是将已序的源区间[first1,last1)和[first2,last2)内的元素合并,得到“以result起始”的目标区间。
源码
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_union (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result)
{
while (true)
{
if (first1==last1) return std::copy(first2,last2,result);
if (first2==last2) return std::copy(first1,last1,result);
if (*first1<*first2) { *result = *first1; ++first1; }
else if (*first2<*first1) { *result = *first2; ++first2; }
else { *result = *first1; ++first1; ++first2; }
++result;
}
}
举个例子:
// set_union example
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::set_union, std::sort
#include <vector> // std::vector
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
std::vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
std::vector<int>::iterator it;
std::sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
std::sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=std::set_union (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 0 0
v.resize(it-v.begin()); // 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50
std::cout << "The union has " << (v.size()) << " elements:\n";
for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); ++it)
std::cout << ' ' << *it;
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
set_intersection ----> 交集
//default (1)
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_intersection (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result);
//custom (2)
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,
class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_intersection (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
就是求两个容器的共有的元素(交集)。
源码
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_intersection (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result)
{
while (first1!=last1 && first2!=last2)
{
if (*first1<*first2) ++first1;
else if (*first2<*first1) ++first2;
else {
*result = *first1;
++result; ++first1; ++first2;
}
}
return result;
}
举个例子:
// set_intersection example
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::set_intersection, std::sort
#include <vector> // std::vector
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
std::vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
std::vector<int>::iterator it;
std::sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
std::sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=std::set_intersection (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v.resize(it-v.begin()); // 10 20
std::cout << "The intersection has " << (v.size()) << " elements:\n";
for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); ++it)
std::cout << ' ' << *it;
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
set_difference —> 差集
//default (1)
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_difference (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result);
//custom (2)
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2,
class OutputIterator, class Compare>
OutputIterator set_difference (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
差集就是,A容器中有的而B容器中没有的元素,然后把这些元素放到目的容器中
源码
template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
OutputIterator set_difference (InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
OutputIterator result)
{
while (first1!=last1 && first2!=last2)
{
if (*first1<*first2) { *result = *first1; ++result; ++first1; }
else if (*first2<*first1) ++first2;
else { ++first1; ++first2; }
}
return std::copy(first1,last1,result);
}
举个例子:
// set_difference example
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <algorithm> // std::set_difference, std::sort
#include <vector> // std::vector
int main () {
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
std::vector<int> v(10); // 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
std::vector<int>::iterator it;
std::sort (first,first+5); // 5 10 15 20 25
std::sort (second,second+5); // 10 20 30 40 50
it=std::set_difference (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
// 5 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v.resize(it-v.begin()); // 5 15 25
std::cout << "The difference has " << (v.size()) << " elements:\n";
for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); ++it)
std::cout << ' ' << *it;
std::cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
set_symmetric_difference —> 对称差集
什么是对称差集呢?
百度定义:集合A与集合B的对称差集定义为集合A与集合B中所有不属于A∩B的元素的集合,记为A△B,也就是说A△B={x|x∈A∪B,x∉A∩B},即A△B=(A∪B)—(A∩B).也就是A△B=(A—B)∪(B—A)
举个例子
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main (void)
{
int first[] = {5,10,15,20,25};
int second[] = {50,40,30,20,10};
vector<int> v(10);
vector<int>::iterator it;
sort (first,first+5);
sort (second,second+5);
it=set_symmetric_difference (first, first+5, second, second+5, v.begin());
v.resize(it-v.begin());
for(auto i:v){
cout<<i<<' ';
}
return 0;
}