元类

元类就是类的类
类可以用class创建,也可以用type创建:

class Foo:
    pass

def __init__(self,name):
    self.name = name

FFO = type('Foo',(object,),{'k':1,'__init__':__init__})

print(FFO.__dict__)

输出:
{‘k’: 1, ‘init’: <function init at 0x00000094FCF5C268>, ‘module’: ‘main’, ‘dict’: <attribute ‘dict’ of ‘Foo’ objects>, ‘weakref’: <attribute ‘weakref’ of ‘Foo’ objects>, ‘doc’: None}

自定义元类

class MyType(type):
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): #传入参数self就是Foo,可变参数就是'alex'
        obj = object.__new__(self)       #传入Foo创建实例f1
        self.__init__(obj,*args, **kwargs)   #调用Foo.__init(f1,name)
        return obj     #返回实例对象

class Foo(metaclass=MyType):    #Foo = MyType(Foo,'Foo',(父类),{属性字典},传给MyType的__init__
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name = name

f1 = Foo('alex')     #使用()本质上是调用Foo的__call__
print(f1.__dict__)

输出:
{‘name’: ‘alex’}