第一个驱动程序

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前言

本文记录的是第一个驱动程序的全过程，笔记来源是韦老师的视频内容。

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1 编写第一个驱动程序流程

1.1 写出open、write函数

通过在linux内核的工程里面搜索关键字：open和write，找到了相应的函数模板

1.2 告诉内核有这些open 、wite驱动函数

定义一个结构体file_operations
找到file_operations例子，通过在linux内核的工程里面搜索关键字：file_operations
linux内核工程文件的file_operations使用例子

这个是file_operations的结构体成员

/*
 * NOTE:
 * read, write, poll, fsync, readv, writev, unlocked_ioctl and compat_ioctl
 * can be called without the big kernel lock held in all filesystems.
 */
struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
	ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
	int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
	int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
	int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync);
	int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
	int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
	int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*sendfile) (struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, read_actor_t, void *);
	ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
	unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
	int (*check_flags)(int);
	int (*dir_notify)(struct file *filp, unsigned long arg);
	int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
	ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
};

里面的成员都是指向一个函数。

1.3 定义一个file_operations结构体

static const struct file_operations first_drv_fops = {
	.owner	 = THIS_MODULE,
	.open    = first_drv_open,
	.write   = first_drv_write,	
};

1.4 注册驱动程序register_chrdev

int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name,
		    const struct file_operations *fops)

通俗易懂的来说：注册，告诉内核
参数：
①主设备号 ②名字 ③file_operations结构体名字
主设备号：第一，我们的应用程序
次设备号：

1.5 编写驱动的入口函数

通俗易懂的来说：谁来调用register_chrdev，谁就是驱动的入口函数

int first_drv_init(void)
{
	register_chrdev(major, "first_drv", &first_drv_fops);
}

1.6 修饰驱动入口函数和出口函数

驱动的入口函数有非常多，有first_drv_init、second_drv_init
通俗易懂来说：告诉内核对应的驱动入口函数
出入口函数，就有出口函数first_drv_exit

2 整体框架

3 代码

3.1 驱动程序first_drv.c

first_drv.c代码如下（示例）：

#include <sound/driver.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>

#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/info.h>
#include <sound/control.h>
#include <sound/pcm.h>
#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
#include <sound/asoundef.h>
#include <sound/initval.h>

#include <asm/io.h>


static int first_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	printk("first_drv_open\n");

	return 0;
}


static ssize_t first_drv_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	printk("first_drv_write\n");

	return 0;
}

static const struct file_operations first_drv_fops = {
	.owner	 = THIS_MODULE,
	.open    = first_drv_open,
	.write   = first_drv_write,	
};

int first_drv_init(void)
{
	register_chrdev(111, "first_drv", &first_drv_fops);	//注册，告诉内核   主设备号是111
	return 0;
}


void first_drv_exit(void)
{
	unregister_chrdev(111, "first_drv");	//卸载字符设备驱动
	return ;
}


module_init(first_drv_init);
module_exit(first_drv_exit);

3.2 Makefile

KERN_DIR = /home/book/work/system/linux-2.6.22.6

all:
	make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules 

clean:
	make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
	rm -rf modules.order

obj-m	+= first_drv.o

3.3 测试程序firstdrvtest.c

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char  **argv)
{
	int fd;
	int val = 1;
	fd = open("/dev/xyz", O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0)
		printf("can't open!\n");
	write(fd, &val, 4);
	return 0;
}

4 结果

①将make好的驱动程序放入到开发板系统
②insmod firstdrv.ko
③通过交叉编译链工具，将编译好的测试程序放入到开发板系统
④创建设备节点：mknod /dev/xyz c 111 0
⑤执行测试程序：./firstdrvtest
结果

5 心得体会