潘多拉 IOT 开发板学习（RT-Thread）—— 实验17 ESP8266 实验（学习笔记）

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-26 16:54:01 发布

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分类专栏： # RT-Thread例程文章标签：单片机 stm32

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本文详细介绍了如何在RT-Thread中使用ESP8266模块进行网络ping操作，涉及netdev_ping(), netdev_cmd_ping(), rt_thread_mdelay()等关键函数，并展示了esp8266_netdev_ping()和esp8266_net_init()的具体实现。

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本文代码参考 RT-Thread 官方 BSP

实验功能

例程源码：（main.c）

该实验实现的功能：Ping 一个指定的 IP 地址。

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2018, RT-Thread Development Team
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 *
 * Change Logs:
 * Date           Author       Notes
 * 2018-08-16     ZYLX         first implementation
 */

#include <rtthread.h>

int main(void)
{
    extern int netdev_ping(int argc, char **argv);

    char *cmd[] = {"esp8266_ping", "www.rt-thread.org"};

    while (1)
    {
        if (netdev_ping(2, cmd) == RT_EOK)
        {
            break;
        }
        else
        {
            rt_thread_mdelay(5000);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

代码剖析

netdev_ping()

ping 命令，该函数主要进行参数判断，然后执行底层的 ping 命令函数。

int netdev_ping(int argc, char **argv)
{
    if (argc == 1)
    {
        rt_kprintf("Please input: ping <host address>\n");
    }
    else
    {
        netdev_cmd_ping(argv[1], 4, 0);
    }

    return 0;
}

netdev_cmd_ping()

ping 命令函数，实际调用的是 (netdev)->ops->ping，这里的 netdev 是一个全局变量，本实验对应的网络设备肯定是 esp8266。

int netdev_cmd_ping(char* target_name, rt_uint32_t times, rt_size_t size)
{
#define NETDEV_PING_DATA_SIZE       32
/** ping receive timeout - in milliseconds */
#define NETDEV_PING_RECV_TIMEO      (2 * RT_TICK_PER_SECOND)
/** ping delay - in milliseconds */
#define NETDEV_PING_DELAY           (1 * RT_TICK_PER_SECOND)
/* check netdev ping options */
#define NETDEV_PING_IS_COMMONICABLE(netdev) \
    ((netdev) && (netdev)->ops && (netdev)->ops->ping && \
        netdev_is_up(netdev) && netdev_is_link_up(netdev)) \

    struct netdev *netdev = RT_NULL;
    struct netdev_ping_resp ping_resp;
    int index, ret = 0;
    
    if (size == 0)
    {
        size = NETDEV_PING_DATA_SIZE;
    }

    if (NETDEV_PING_IS_COMMONICABLE(netdev_default))
    {
        /* using default network interface device for ping */
        netdev = netdev_default;
    }
    else
    {
        /* using first internet up status network interface device */
        netdev = netdev_get_first_by_flags(NETDEV_FLAG_LINK_UP);
        if (netdev == RT_NULL || NETDEV_PING_IS_COMMONICABLE(netdev) == 0)
        {
            rt_kprintf("ping: network interface device get error.\n");
            return -RT_ERROR;
        }
    }

    for (index = 0; index < times; index++)
    {
        rt_memset(&ping_resp, 0x00, sizeof(struct netdev_ping_resp));
        ret = netdev->ops->ping(netdev, (const char *)target_name, size, NETDEV_PING_RECV_TIMEO, &ping_resp);
        if (ret == -RT_ETIMEOUT)
        {
            rt_kprintf("ping: from %s icmp_seq=%d timeout\n", 
                (ip_addr_isany(&(ping_resp.ip_addr))) ? target_name : inet_ntoa(ping_resp.ip_addr), index);
        }
        else if (ret == -RT_ERROR)
        {
            rt_kprintf("ping: unknown %s %s\n",
                (ip_addr_isany(&(ping_resp.ip_addr))) ? "host" : "address",
                    (ip_addr_isany(&(ping_resp.ip_addr))) ? target_name : inet_ntoa(ping_resp.ip_addr));
        }
        else
        {
            if (ping_resp.ttl == 0)
            {
                rt_kprintf("%d bytes from %s icmp_seq=%d time=%d ms\n", 
                            ping_resp.data_len, inet_ntoa(ping_resp.ip_addr), index, ping_resp.ticks);
            }
            else
            {
                rt_kprintf("%d bytes from %s icmp_seq=%d ttl=%d time=%d ms\n", 
                            ping_resp.data_len, inet_ntoa(ping_resp.ip_addr), index, ping_resp.ttl, ping_resp.ticks);
            }
        }
        
        rt_thread_mdelay(NETDEV_PING_DELAY);
    }

    return RT_EOK;
}

esp8266_netdev_ping()

这便是 esp8266 底层驱动的 ping 函数，它会发送 “AT+PING=<IP>” 指令进行 ping 网测试。

static int esp8266_netdev_ping(struct netdev *netdev, const char *host, size_t data_len, uint32_t timeout, struct netdev_ping_resp *ping_resp)
{
#define ESP8266_PING_IP_SIZE         16

    at_response_t resp = RT_NULL;
    rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;
    int req_time;
    char ip_addr[ESP8266_PING_IP_SIZE] = {0};

    RT_ASSERT(netdev);
    RT_ASSERT(host);
    RT_ASSERT(ping_resp);

    resp = at_create_resp(64, 0, timeout);
    if (!resp)
    {
        LOG_E("No memory for response structure!");
        return -RT_ENOMEM;
    }

    rt_mutex_take(at_event_lock, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);

    /* send domain commond "AT+CIPDOMAIN=<domain name>" and wait response */
    if (at_exec_cmd(resp, "AT+CIPDOMAIN=\"%s\"", host) < 0)
    {
        LOG_D("ping: send commond AT+CIPDOMAIN=<domain name> failed");
        result = -RT_ERROR;
        goto __exit;
    }

    /* parse the third line of response data, get the IP address */
    if (at_resp_parse_line_args_by_kw(resp, "+CIPDOMAIN:", "+CIPDOMAIN:%s", ip_addr) < 0)
    {
        LOG_E("ping: get the IP address failed");
        result = -RT_ERROR;
        goto __exit;
    }

    /* send ping commond "AT+PING=<IP>" and wait response */
    if (at_exec_cmd(resp, "AT+PING=\"%s\"", host) < 0)
    {
        LOG_D("ping: unknown remote server host");
        result = -RT_ERROR;
        goto __exit;
    }

    if (at_resp_parse_line_args_by_kw(resp, "+", "+%d", &req_time) < 0)
    {
        result = -RT_ERROR;
        goto __exit;
    }

    if (req_time)
    {
        inet_aton(ip_addr, &(ping_resp->ip_addr));
        ping_resp->data_len = data_len;
        ping_resp->ttl = 0;
        ping_resp->ticks = req_time;
    }

__exit:
    if (resp)
    {
        at_delete_resp(resp);
    }

    rt_mutex_release(at_event_lock);

    return result;
}

rt_thread_mdelay()

这是 RT-Thread 的毫秒级延时函数，定义如下：

rt_err_t rt_thread_mdelay(rt_int32_t ms)
{
    rt_tick_t tick;

	// 获取需要的时钟节拍
    tick = rt_tick_from_millisecond(ms);
	
	// 阻塞相应的节拍时间
    return rt_thread_sleep(tick);
}

rt_tick_from_millisecond()


/**
 * 算出 ms 对应的时钟节拍数
 * 
 *
 * @param ms the specified millisecond
 *           - Negative Number wait forever
 *           - Zero not wait
 *           - Max 0x7fffffff
 *
 * @return the calculated tick
 */
rt_tick_t rt_tick_from_millisecond(rt_int32_t ms)
{
    rt_tick_t tick;

    if (ms < 0)
    {
        tick = (rt_tick_t)RT_WAITING_FOREVER;  // -1 
    }
    else
    {
    	// 将“每秒节拍数” / 1000 * ms，算出对应的秒节拍数
        tick = RT_TICK_PER_SECOND * (ms / 1000);
		
		// 加上小于 1000ms 部分的节拍数
        tick += (RT_TICK_PER_SECOND * (ms % 1000) + 999) / 1000;
    }
    
    /* return the calculated tick */
    return tick;
}

rt_thread_sleep()

线程睡眠（挂起）函数，参数是系统节拍数：

/**
 * 该函数能让当前线程挂起一段时间（由 tick 决定）
 *
 * @param tick the sleep ticks
 *
 * @return RT_EOK
 */
rt_err_t rt_thread_sleep(rt_tick_t tick)
{
    register rt_base_t temp;
    struct rt_thread *thread;

    /* set to current thread */
    thread = rt_thread_self();
    RT_ASSERT(thread != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(rt_object_get_type((rt_object_t)thread) == RT_Object_Class_Thread);

    /* disable interrupt */
    temp = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();

    /* suspend thread */
    rt_thread_suspend(thread);

    /* reset the timeout of thread timer and start it */
    rt_timer_control(&(thread->thread_timer), RT_TIMER_CTRL_SET_TIME, &tick);
    rt_timer_start(&(thread->thread_timer));

    /* enable interrupt */
    rt_hw_interrupt_enable(temp);

    rt_schedule();

    /* clear error number of this thread to RT_EOK */
    if (thread->error == -RT_ETIMEOUT)
        thread->error = RT_EOK;

    return RT_EOK;
}

LOG_D()

本实验中，我们可以将 LOG_D() 视为 rt_kprintf()，

#define dbg_log_line(lvl, color_n, fmt, ...)                \
    do                                                      \
    {                                                       \
        _DBG_LOG_HDR(lvl, color_n);                         \
        rt_kprintf(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);                     \
        _DBG_LOG_X_END;                                     \
    }                                                       \
    while (0)

LOG_D 是 RT-Thread 内核里的一个日志打印函数，详情可见：《RT-Thread 文档中心——ulog 日志》

RT-Thread 的日志 API 包括：

在这里插入图片描述

at_socket_device_init

main.c 中并没有 WiFi 模块初始化代码，这些功能都在驱动底层完成了，这类代码文件全部在 at_socket_esp8266.c 中，下面这个函数是总的初始化函数，主要完成的是 AT socket 客户端的创建和 ESP8266 的初始化。

static int at_socket_device_init(void)
{
    /* create current AT socket event */
    at_socket_event = rt_event_create("at_se", RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);
    if (at_socket_event == RT_NULL)
    {
        LOG_E("RT AT client port initialize failed! at_sock_event create failed!");
        return -RT_ENOMEM;
    }

    /* create current AT socket event lock */
    at_event_lock = rt_mutex_create("at_se", RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);
    if (at_event_lock == RT_NULL)
    {
        LOG_E("RT AT client port initialize failed! at_sock_lock create failed!");
        rt_event_delete(at_socket_event);
        return -RT_ENOMEM;
    }

    /* initialize AT client */
    at_client_init(AT_DEVICE_NAME, AT_DEVICE_RECV_BUFF_LEN);

    /* register URC data execution function  */
    at_set_urc_table(urc_table, sizeof(urc_table) / sizeof(urc_table[0]));

    /* Add esp8266 to the netdev list */
    esp8266_netdev_add(ESP8266_NETDEV_NAME);

    /* initialize esp8266 net workqueue */
    rt_delayed_work_init(&esp8266_net_work, exp8266_get_netdev_info, (void *)netdev_get_by_name(ESP8266_NETDEV_NAME));

    /* initialize esp8266 network */
    esp8266_net_init();

    /* set esp8266 AT Socket options */
    at_socket_device_register(&esp8266_socket_ops);

    return RT_EOK;
}
INIT_APP_EXPORT(at_socket_device_init);

esp8266_net_init()

esp8266 初始化函数，其实就是调用了一个线程回调函数 esp8266_init_thread_entry()。

int esp8266_net_init(void)
{
#ifdef PKG_AT_INIT_BY_THREAD
    rt_thread_t tid;

    tid = rt_thread_create("esp8266_net_init", esp8266_init_thread_entry, RT_NULL, ESP8266_THREAD_STACK_SIZE, ESP8266_THREAD_PRIORITY, 20);
    if (tid)
    {
        rt_thread_startup(tid);
    }
    else
    {
        LOG_E("Create AT initialization thread fail!");
    }
#else
    esp8266_init_thread_entry(RT_NULL);
#endif

    return RT_EOK;
}

esp8266_init_thread_entry()

该函数内部主要执行了一些 AT 指令的发送，比如复位模块（AT+RST），设置 STA 模式（AT+CWMODE=1）。

static void esp8266_init_thread_entry(void *parameter)
{
    at_response_t resp = RT_NULL;
    rt_err_t result = RT_EOK;
    rt_size_t i;

    resp = at_create_resp(128, 0, rt_tick_from_millisecond(5000));
    if (!resp)
    {
        LOG_E("No memory for response structure!");
        result = -RT_ENOMEM;
        goto __exit;
    }

    rt_thread_delay(rt_tick_from_millisecond(5000));
    /* reset module */
    AT_SEND_CMD(resp, "AT+RST");
    /* reset waiting delay */
    rt_thread_delay(rt_tick_from_millisecond(1000));
    /* disable echo */
    AT_SEND_CMD(resp, "ATE0");
    /* set current mode to Wi-Fi station */
    AT_SEND_CMD(resp, "AT+CWMODE=1");
    /* get module version */
    AT_SEND_CMD(resp, "AT+GMR");
    /* show module version */
    for (i = 0; i < resp->line_counts - 1; i++)
    {
        LOG_D("%s", at_resp_get_line(resp, i + 1));
    }
    /* connect to WiFi AP */
    if (at_exec_cmd(at_resp_set_info(resp, 128, 0, 20 * RT_TICK_PER_SECOND), "AT+CWJAP=\"%s\",\"%s\"",
            AT_DEVICE_WIFI_SSID, AT_DEVICE_WIFI_PASSWORD) != RT_EOK)
    {
        LOG_E("AT network initialize failed, check ssid(%s) and password(%s).", AT_DEVICE_WIFI_SSID, AT_DEVICE_WIFI_PASSWORD);
        result = -RT_ERROR;
        goto __exit;
    }

    AT_SEND_CMD(resp, "AT+CIPMUX=1");

__exit:
    if (resp)
    {
        at_delete_resp(resp);
    }

    if (!result)
    {
        netdev_low_level_set_status(netdev_get_by_name(ESP8266_NETDEV_NAME), RT_TRUE);
        LOG_I("AT network initialize success!");
    }
    else
    {
        netdev_low_level_set_status(netdev_get_by_name(ESP8266_NETDEV_NAME), RT_FALSE);
        LOG_E("AT network initialize failed (%d)!", result);
    }
}