C语言学习笔记：三种内存模型

//指针数组
char *p1[]={"123","456","789"}

//二位数组
char p2[3][4]={"123","456","789"}

//手动分配二维内存
//char *array[3]
char **p3 = (char **)malloc(3 * sizeof(char *))
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
	p3[i] = (char *), alloc(10 * sizeof(char));
	sprintf(p3[i], "%d %d", i, i);
}

一：指针数组：创建，做形参，排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>

void print_array(char **p, int n)
//void print_array(char *p[],int n)//指针数组作为形参的俩种方式。
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%s, ", p[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}


void sort_array(char **p, int n)
{
	int i, j;
	char *tmp;
	for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
	{
		for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
		{
			if (strcmp(p[i], p[j])>0)
			{
				tmp = p[i];
				p[i] = p[j];
				p[j] = tmp;
			}
		}
	}
}


int main(void)
{
	char *p[] = { "000000000", "5555555555", "aaaaaaaaa", "333333333" };
	//p[0] = "000000000";
	int n = sizeof(p) / sizeof(p[0]);

	printf("排序前：\n");
	print_array(p, n);

	sort_array(p, n);

	printf("\n排序后：\n");
	print_array(p, n);

	printf("\n");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

二：二维数组：创建，做形参，排序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>

//void print_array_err(char **a, int n)//这是错误的，退化为指针后的步长为4，而二维数组步长为30
//void print_array(char (*a)[30], int n)//这个也是对的
void print_array(char a[][30], int n)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		//printf("%s\n", a[i]);
		printf("%s\n", *(a + i));//首行地址      和首行首元素地址一样
	}
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}


void sort_array(char a[][30], int n)
{
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	char tmp[30];
	for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
	{
		for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
		{
			if (strcmp(a[i], a[j])>0)
			{
				//交换的内存块
				strcpy(tmp, a[i]);
				strcpy(a[i], a[j]);
				strcpy(a[j], tmp);
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}


int main(void)
{
	char a[][30] = { "000000000", "5555555555", "aaaaaaaaa", "333333333" };
	int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
	char b[] = "aaaaaa";
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(b));//结果是7  计算的是内存的大小
	printf("%d\n", strlen(b));//结果是6  计算的是字符的数量

	printf("排序前\n");
	print_array(a, n);

	sort_array(a, n);

	printf("\n排序后\n");
	print_array(a, n);
	printf("\n");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

三：手动分配二维内存：创建

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>

char **getMem(int n)//分配内存空间
{
	int i = 0;
	char **buf = (char **)malloc(n*sizeof(char *));//char *buf[3]
	if (buf == NULL)
	{
		return NULL;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		buf[i] = (char *)malloc(30 * sizeof(char));
		char str[30];
		sprintf(str, "text%d%d", i, i);
		strcpy(buf[i], str);
	}
	return buf;
}


void print_buf(char **buf, int n)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		printf("%s,  ", buf[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}


void free_buf(char **buf, int n)
{
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		free(buf[i]);
		buf[i] = NULL;
	}
	if (buf != NULL)
	{
		free(buf);
		buf = NULL;
	}
}


int main(void)
{
	int n = 3;
	char **buf = NULL;
	buf = getMem(n);//创建
	print_buf(buf, n);//打印
	free_buf(buf, n);//释放
	buf = NULL;

	printf("\n");
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}