Python 正则表达式 - Regular expression

Regular expression

A regular expression (or RE) specifies a set of strings that matches it; the functions in this module let you check if a particular string matches a given regular expression (or if a given regular expression matches a particular string, which comes down to the same thing).

常见正则表达式符号

限定符 (Quantifier)		元字符(Meta-characters)
a*	a 出现0次或多次	\d	匹配数字字符
a+	a 出现1次或多次	\D	匹配非数字字符
a?	a 出现0次或1次	\w	匹配单词字符(英文、数字、下划线)
a{6}	a 出现6次	\W	匹配非单词字符
a{2,6}	a出现2-6次	\s	匹配空白符(包含换行符、Tab)
a{2,}	a出现两次以上	\S	匹配非空白字符
或运算符 (Or Operator)		.	匹配任意字符(换行符除外)
(a|b)	匹配a或者b	\b	标注字符的边界(全字匹配)
(ab)|(cd)	匹配ab或者cd	^	匹配行首
字符类 (Character Classes)		$	匹配行尾
[abc]	匹配a或者b或者c	贪婪/懒惰匹配(Greedy/Lazy Match)
[a-c]	同上	<.+>	默认贪婪匹配“任意字符”
[a-zA-Z0-9]	匹配大小写字母以及数字	<.+?>	懒惰匹配“任意字符”
[^0-9]	匹配非数字字符

拓展表示法

Notation	Description	Example Regex
(?iLmsux)	Embed one or more special “flags”parameters within the regex itself (vs. via function/method)	(?x),(?im)
(?:…)	Signifies a group whose match is not saved	(?:\w+.)*
(?P…)	Like a regular group match only identified with name rather than a numeric ID	(?P)
(?P=name)	Matches text previously grouped by (?P)in the same string	(?P=data)
(?#…)	Specifies a comment, all contents within ignored	(?#comment)
(?=…)	Matches if…comes next without consuming input string; called positive lookahead assertion	(?=.com)
(?!..)	Matches if … doesn’t come next without consuming input; called negative lookahead assertion	(?!.net)
(?<=…)	Matches if … comes prior without consuming input string; called positive look behind assertion	(?<=800-)
(?<!..)	Matches if … doesn’t come prior without consuming input; called negative look behind assertion	(?<!192.168.)
(?(id/name)Y|N)	Conditional match of regex Y if group with given id or name exists else N; N is optional	(?(1)y|x)