JavaWeb【多表查询】

内连接

内连接查询语法

--隐式内连接
select 字段列表 from 表1，表2…… where 条件；

--显示内连接
select 字段列表 from 表1 [inner] join 表2 on 条件；

--隐式内连接
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE emp.dep_id = dept.did;

--显示内连接	
SELECT * FROM emp INNER JOIN dept on emp.dep_id = dept.did;

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外连接

--左连接
select 字段列表 from 表1 left[outer] join 表2 on 条件；

--右连接
select 字段列表 from 表1 right[outer] join 表2 on 条件；

• 左外连接：相当于查询A表所有数据和交集部分数据
• 右外连接：相当于查询B表所有数据和交集部分数据

--左连接
SELECT * FROM emp LEFT JOIN dept on emp.dep_id = dept.did;

--右连接
SELECT * FROM emp RIGHT JOIN dept on emp.dep_id = dept.did;

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子查询

·单行单列：作为条件值，使用= != > < 等进行条件判断
select 字段列表 from 表 where 字段名 = （子查询）；

·多行单列：作为条件值，使用in等关键字进行条件判断
select 字段列表 from 表 where 字段名 in （子查询）；

·多行多列：作为虚拟表
select 字段列表 from （子查询） where 条件；

·单行单列
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dep_id = (SELECT did FROM dept WHERE dname = '财务部');

·多行单列
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE dep_id in (SELECT did FROM dept WHERE dname = '财务部' or dname = '市场部');

·多行多列
SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM emp WHERE join_date > '2011-11-11') t1,dept WHERE t1.dep_id = dept.did;

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多表查询（案例）

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS emp;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dept;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS job;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS salarygrade;


-- 部门表
CREATE TABLE dept (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY PRIMARY KEY, -- 部门id
  dname VARCHAR(50), -- 部门名称
  loc VARCHAR(50) -- 部门所在地
);



-- 职务表，职务名称，职务描述
CREATE TABLE job (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY,
  jname VARCHAR(20),
  description VARCHAR(50)
);

-- 员工表
CREATE TABLE emp (
  id INT PRIMARY KEY, -- 员工id
  ename VARCHAR(50), -- 员工姓名
  job_id INT, -- 职务id
  mgr INT , -- 上级领导
  joindate DATE, -- 入职日期
  salary DECIMAL(7,2), -- 工资
  bonus DECIMAL(7,2), -- 奖金
  dept_id INT, -- 所在部门编号
  CONSTRAINT emp_jobid_ref_job_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (job_id) REFERENCES job (id),
  CONSTRAINT emp_deptid_ref_dept_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (dept_id) REFERENCES dept (id)
);
-- 工资等级表
CREATE TABLE salarygrade (
  grade INT PRIMARY KEY,   -- 级别
  losalary INT,  -- 最低工资
  hisalary INT -- 最高工资
);
				
-- 添加4个部门
INSERT INTO dept(id,dname,loc) VALUES 
(10,'教研部','北京'),
(20,'学工部','上海'),
(30,'销售部','广州'),
(40,'财务部','深圳');

-- 添加4个职务
INSERT INTO job (id, jname, description) VALUES
(1, '董事长', '管理整个公司，接单'),
(2, '经理', '管理部门员工'),
(3, '销售员', '向客人推销产品'),
(4, '文员', '使用办公软件');


-- 添加员工
INSERT INTO emp(id,ename,job_id,mgr,joindate,salary,bonus,dept_id) VALUES 
(1001,'孙悟空',4,1004,'2000-12-17','8000.00',NULL,20),
(1002,'卢俊义',3,1006,'2001-02-20','16000.00','3000.00',30),
(1003,'林冲',3,1006,'2001-02-22','12500.00','5000.00',30),
(1004,'唐僧',2,1009,'2001-04-02','29750.00',NULL,20),
(1005,'李逵',4,1006,'2001-09-28','12500.00','14000.00',30),
(1006,'宋江',2,1009,'2001-05-01','28500.00',NULL,30),
(1007,'刘备',2,1009,'2001-09-01','24500.00',NULL,10),
(1008,'猪八戒',4,1004,'2007-04-19','30000.00',NULL,20),
(1009,'罗贯中',1,NULL,'2001-11-17','50000.00',NULL,10),
(1010,'吴用',3,1006,'2001-09-08','15000.00','0.00',30),
(1011,'沙僧',4,1004,'2007-05-23','11000.00',NULL,20),
(1012,'李逵',4,1006,'2001-12-03','9500.00',NULL,30),
(1013,'小白龙',4,1004,'2001-12-03','30000.00',NULL,20),
(1014,'关羽',4,1007,'2002-01-23','13000.00',NULL,10);


-- 添加5个工资等级
INSERT INTO salarygrade(grade,losalary,hisalary) VALUES 
(1,7000,12000),
(2,12010,14000),
(3,14010,20000),
(4,20010,30000),
(5,30010,99990);



1.查询所有员工信息。查询员工编号，员工姓名，工资，职务名称，职务描述
--隐式 SELECT
emp.id,
emp.ename,
emp.salary,
job.jname,
job.description 
FROM
	emp,
	job 
WHERE
	emp.job_id = job.id;
--显示 SELECT
emp.id,
emp.ename,
emp.salary,
job.jname,
job.description 
FROM
	emp
	INNER JOIN job ON emp.job_id = job.id;-- 2.查询员工编号，员工姓名，工资，职务名称，职务描述，部门名称，部门位置
--隐式 SELECT
emp.id,
emp.ename,
emp.salary,
job.jname,
job.description,
dept.dname,
dept.loc 
FROM
	emp,
	job,
	dept 
WHERE
	emp.job_id = job.id 
	AND dept.id = emp.dept_id;
--显示 SELECT
emp.id,
emp.ename,
emp.salary,
job.jname,
job.description,
dept.dname,
dept.loc 
FROM
	emp
	INNER JOIN job ON emp.job_id = job.id
	INNER JOIN dept ON dept.id = emp.dept_id;-- 3.查询员工姓名，工资，工资等级
SELECT
	emp.ename,
	emp.salary,
	t2.grade 
FROM
	emp,
	salarygrade t2 
WHERE
	emp.salary >= t2.losalary 
	AND emp.salary <= t2.hisalary;-- 4.查询员工姓名，工资，职务名称，职务描述，部门名称，部门位置，工资等级
SELECT
	emp.id,
	emp.ename,
	emp.salary,
	job.jname,
	job.description,
	dept.dname,
	dept.loc,
	t2.grade 
FROM
	emp
	INNER JOIN job ON emp.job_id = job.id
	INNER JOIN dept ON dept.id = emp.dept_id
	INNER JOIN salarygrade t2 ON emp.salary BETWEEN t2.losalary 
	AND t2.hisalary;-- 5.查询出部门编号、部门名称、部门位置、部门人数
SELECT
	* 
FROM
	dept;
SELECT
	dept_id,
	count(*) 
FROM
	emp 
GROUP BY
	dept_id;
SELECT
	dept.id,
	dept.dname,
	dept.loc,
	t1.count 
FROM
	dept,
	( SELECT dept_id, count(*) count FROM emp GROUP BY dept_id ) t1 
WHERE
	dept.id = t1.dept_id

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