前言:什么是MVC?
MVC全名是Model View Controller,是模型(model)-视图(view)-控制器(controller)的缩写,一种软件设计典范(它不属于设计模式),用一种业务逻辑、数据、界面显示分离的方法组织代码。
Model(模型):用于处理应用程序数据逻辑的部分,它负责在数据库中存取数据和一些业务
View(视图):应用程序中处理数据显示的部分,就像常见的用户界面,客户看得见的东西
Controller(控制器):应用程序中处理用户交互的部分,它接受用户请求,然后交给model层进行处理,处理完毕后再返回给View(视图)层
1.什么是SpringMVC?
SpringMVC属于SpringFrameWork的后续产品,是基于Java实现mvc框架的一个轻量级框架。
2.SpringMVC的优点
- 它是一个典型的教科书式的mvc框架,功能强大,简单易学,好理解
- 与Spring无缝连接,能够进行简单的单元测试,支持多种风格等
- 因为它太好了,所以要学习
3.SpringMVC的原理
下面来写一个最简单的SpringMVC程序,结合上图,有助于理解。
4.实现HelloSpringMVC
项目文件目录图
第一步:创建maven项目,然后导包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.muzili</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvcstudy01</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springmvcstudy01 Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.24.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--jstl 和 jsp的包-->
<!--Servlet核心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSTL -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvcstudy01</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
编写web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别-1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
编写springmvc-servlet.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--处理器映射器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--处理器适配器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<bean id="/hello" class="com.muzili.controller.HelloController"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
编写操作业务类 HelloController
package com.muzili.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//ModelAndView 模型和视图
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
//封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model
mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!");
//封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
mv.setViewName("hello"); //加上前缀和后缀后,访问的文件路径就为:/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp,也就是文件目录中的hello.jsp文件
return mv;
}
编写前台页面显示的jsp文件 hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>HelloSpringMVC</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
然后配置Tomcat后,就可以运行了
运行成功!
这个例子,用注解实现,更加简单。
下面是注解版
还是创建maven项目,然后导包,编写web.xml文件(跟上面一样)
然后编写springmvc-servlet.xml核心配置文件,这个跟上面不同(仔细看代码与注释部分)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.muzili.controller"/>
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源,静态资源包括html,css,js,图片和视频 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--
支持mvc注解驱动
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
编写注解版的AnnoController
package com.muzili.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/admin")
public class AnnoController {
@RequestMapping("/anno")
public ModelAndView hello(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("msg","Anno!");//给ModelAndView放入数据
mv.setViewName("hello");
return mv;
}
}
配置好Tomcat后,然后就可以运行了
运行成功!