Java集合框架——泛型案例实操

练习一：用泛型集合存储自定义学生对象，并遍历

//Student.java
package com.generic.demo;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	public Student(String name, int i) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = i;
	}
	
	public Student() {
		super();
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name= " + name + ", age= " + age + "]"; 
	}
}

//GenericTest.java
package com.generic.demo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class GenericTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
		
		//创建学生对象
		Student stu1 = new Student("张三", 18);
		Student stu2 = new Student("李四", 19);
		Student stu3 = new Student("王五", 20);
		Student stu4 = new Student("赵六", 21);
		
		//添加到集合中
		list.add(stu1);
		list.add(stu2);
		list.add(stu3);
		list.add(stu4);
		
		//迭代集合
		Iterator<Student> iterator = list.iterator();
		while(iterator.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(iterator.next());
		}
	}
}

***执行结果：***
Student [name= 张三, age= 18]
Student [name= 李四, age= 19]
Student [name= 王五, age= 20]
Student [name= 赵六, age= 21]

练习二：用泛型集合存储自定义学生对象，并去掉重复的学生对象

//Student.java
//同上

//GenericTest2.java
package com.generic.demo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class GenericTest2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
		
		//创建学生对象
		Student stu1 = new Student("张三", 18);
		Student stu2 = new Student("李四", 19);
		Student stu3 = new Student("王五", 20);
		Student stu4 = new Student("王五", 20);
		Student stu5 = new Student("赵六", 21);
		
		//添加到集合中
		list.add(stu1);
		list.add(stu2);
		list.add(stu3);
		list.add(stu4);
		list.add(stu5);
		
		//去重
		ArrayList<Student> list2 = new ArrayList<Student>();
		
		Iterator<Student> iterator = list.iterator();
		while(iterator.hasNext()) {
			Student stu = iterator.next();
			if(!list2.contains(stu)) {
				list2.add(stu);
			}
		}
		
		//迭代集合list2
		Iterator<Student> iterator2 = list.iterator();
		while(iterator2.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(iterator2.next());
		}
	}
}

***执行结果：***
Student [name= 张三, age= 18]
Student [name= 李四, age= 19]
Student [name= 王五, age= 20]
Student [name= 王五, age= 20]
Student [name= 赵六, age= 21]

一、发现问题：

• 对于自定义学生对象，代码并没有达到去重的效果

二、寻找原因：

• 通过查看contains方法的源码
• 源码查看方式参考文章《Java集合框架——迭代器》中查看迭代器源码的方法
• 下图分别是contains方法以及indexOf方法的实现
  
  

三、分析问题：

• contains方法底层依赖的是equals方法，而没有重写的equals方法是从Object类继承过来的，比较的时候比较的是两个对象的逻辑内存地址
• 代码中每个stu对象都是通过new运算符创建出来的Student类型对象，每创建一个Student类型对象就会在堆内存中申请一个对象的空间，所以即使stu3和stu4在人为规定上是相同的，但是其内存地址是不同的，故在使用contains下的equals方法比较时无法检测出重复元素

四、解决问题：

• 手动重写（其实是eclipse自动生成）学生类的equals方法
• 重写方法：
• 在代码区空白处右键选择Source → Generate hashCode() and equals()
• 由于此处不需要重写hashCode()方法，故直接删除hashCode保留equals即可
  
  五、完整代码：

//Student.java
package com.generic.demo;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	public Student(String name, int i) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = i;
	}
	
	public Student() {
		super();
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name= " + name + ", age= " + age + "]"; 
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Student other = (Student) obj;
		if (age != other.age)
			return false;
		if (name == null) {
			if (other.name != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
			return false;
		return true;
	}
}

//GenericTest2.java
package com.generic.demo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class GenericTest2 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
		
		//创建学生对象
		Student stu1 = new Student("张三", 18);
		Student stu2 = new Student("李四", 19);
		Student stu3 = new Student("王五", 20);
		Student stu4 = new Student("王五", 20);
		Student stu5 = new Student("赵六", 21);
		
		//添加到集合中
		list.add(stu1);
		list.add(stu2);
		list.add(stu3);
		list.add(stu4);
		list.add(stu5);
		
		//去重
		ArrayList<Student> list2 = new ArrayList<Student>();
		
		Iterator<Student> iterator = list.iterator();
		while(iterator.hasNext()) {
			Student stu = iterator.next();
			if(!list2.contains(stu)) {
				list2.add(stu);
			}
		}
		
		//迭代集合list2
		Iterator<Student> iterator2 = list.iterator();
		while(iterator2.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(iterator2.next());
		}
	}
}

***执行结果：***
Student [name= 张三, age= 18]
Student [name= 李四, age= 19]
Student [name= 王五, age= 20]
Student [name= 赵六, age= 21]