ServletContext用法

1. 简介

1. ServletContext对象又叫全局上下文对象。Web服务器会为每一个工程创建一个ServletContext对象，这个对象全局唯一并且掌管当前项目下所有的Servlet、项目资源、项目配置…

2. ServletContext对象也是当前Web项目下所有Servlet通信交互的桥梁，Servlet1写入ServletContext的数据，Servlet2通过ServletContext可以获取到数据。

   //设置一个key-value的键值对，向ServletContext中写入数据
   public void setAttribute(String name, Object object);
   
   //通过key取到value，注意类型转换
   public Object getAttribute(String name);
   
   //通过key删除一个键值对。
   public void removeAttribute(String name);
   
   //请求转发，传入一个地址进行页面的转发。(非重定向)
   public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path);
   
   //通过参数name，获取web.xml中的初始配置数据
   public String getInitParameter(String name);
   

2. ServletContext常见用法

1. 使用ServletContext对象进行Serlvet之间的数据读取

   import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   import java.io.*;
   
   public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
       @Override
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           resp.setContentType("text/html");           
           ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();       //获得全局上下文对象
   
   
           servletContext.setAttribute("username","hello");      //写入数据
           System.out.println("HelloServlet请求成功, key = username, value = hello!");
           resp.getWriter().println("请求成功!");
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           doGet(req, resp);
       }
   }
   

   import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   import java.io.IOException;
   
   public class WorldServlet extends HttpServlet {
       @Override
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           resp.setContentType("text/html");
   
           ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
           String user = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("username");
           System.out.println("WorldServlet请求成功, key = username, value = " + user + "!");
           resp.getWriter().println("WorldServlet取到数据: " + user);
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           doPost(req, resp);
       }
   }
   

   

   

2. ServletContext获得配置文件中的数据资源。下面是写在web.xml配置文件中的数据

   <context-param>
        <param-name>path</param-name>
        <param-value>这是初始化配置中的数据</param-value>
   </context-param>
   

   import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   import java.io.IOException;
   
   public class ServletContext01 extends HttpServlet {
       @Override
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           /*
               通过参数name, 调用getInitParameter去请求xml中初始化的配置文件。
            */
           resp.setContentType("text/html");
           resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
           String path = context.getInitParameter("path");
           System.out.println(path);
           resp.getWriter().println(path);
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           doGet(req, resp);
       }
   }
   
   

   

3. ServletContext对象对请求进行转发。注意转发是不会改变url地址的，依旧是最初请求的地址。但是重定向会。

   import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
   import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   import java.io.IOException;
   
   public class ServletContext02 extends HttpServlet {
       @Override
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
           ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
           //RequestDispatcher dispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/hello");    //请求的地址
           //dispatcher.forward(req,resp);         //非重定向请求转发
           System.out.println("转发成功! 即将转到/hello页面");
           context.getRequestDispatcher("/hello").forward(req,resp);		//转发到/hello路径下
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           doGet(req, resp);
       }
   }
   

   

4. ServletContext对象对项目中的资源进行加载，这里需要使用Properties类，点击了解此类

   import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.InputStream;
   import java.util.Properties;
   
   public class ServletContext03 extends HttpServlet {
       @Override
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           resp.setContentType("text/html");
   
   
           ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
           InputStream is = context.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties"); //加载一个资源转为流的形式
           Properties prop = new Properties();
           prop.load(is);              //从字节流中加载数据
           String user = prop.getProperty("username");     //获得key-value值
           String pwd  = prop.getProperty("password");     //获得key-value值
           resp.getWriter().println(user + ": " + pwd);
           System.out.println(user + ": " + pwd);
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
           doGet(req, resp);
       }
   }