ServletContext对象简单介绍及应用

ServletContext

1. 定义：ServletContext定义为上下文对象，servletContext接口是Servlet中最大的一个接口，呈现了web应用的Servlet视图。ServletContext实例是通过 getServletContext()方法获得的。
2. 作用范围：一个Web应用有且仅有一个ServletContext对象
3. 用途：多个Java程序可以向ServletContext对象存取数据，实现数据共享
   
4. 简单示例
   Set

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();  //获得本对象的ServletContext对象
        String username = "khp";
        servletContext.setAttribute("username",username); //以键值对方式存数据
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

Get

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();   获得本对象的ServletContext对象
        String username = (String)servletContext.getAttribute("username");   //取数据
        resp.setContentType("text/html");  
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");  
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();   //获得写对象
        writer.print("名字为:"+username);  //显示获得数据
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>set</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.khp.servlet.SetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>set</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/set</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.khp.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>get</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

注意：
如果访问Get前未访问Set，则无数据可读，读结果未null

若访问Get前已经Set存入数据，则正常读取数据

简单应用

获取初始化参数

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String url = this.getServletContext().getInitParameter("url");   //获取初始化参数
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

<!--  设置初始化参数-->
  <context-param>  
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3006</param-value>
  </context-param>

请求转发

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/sd3").forward(req,resp);  //请求转发到sd3
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.khp.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

可以看到虽然访问的是sd3，但是地址还是sd4，不变，所用请求转发地址不变

获取资源文件

1. 首先在resouces目录下创建db.properties文件
   
2. 运行Tomcat,通过更新后得Target包我们发现db.properties在当前应用下得Web-INF下的classes文件夹下
   
   3.Java类

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");  //将资源文件转换成流文件
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(is);   //加载流文件
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");  //获取资源文件内容
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(username+":"+password);   //打印资源文件内容
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4. 在web.xml文件注册

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.khp.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

5. 运行结果