## MVC:开发模式 (3层架构中的界面层)
1. jsp演变历史
1. 早期只有servlet,只能使用response输出标签数据,非常麻烦
2. 后来又jsp,简化了Servlet的开发,如果过度使用jsp,在jsp中即写大量的java代码,有写html表,造成难于维护,难于分工协作
3. 再后来,java的web开发,借鉴mvc开发模式,使得程序的设计更加合理性
2. MVC:
1. M:Model,模型。JavaBean
* 完成具体的业务操作,如:查询数据库,封装对象
2. V:View,视图。JSP
* 展示数据
3. C:Controller,控制器。Servlet
* 获取用户的输入
* 调用模型
* 将数据交给视图进行展示
* 优缺点:
1. 优点:
1. 耦合性低,方便维护,可以利于分工协作
2. 重用性高
2. 缺点:
1. 使得项目架构变得复杂,对开发人员要求高
## 三层架构:软件设计架构
1. 界面层(表示层):用户看的得界面。用户可以通过界面上的组件和服务器进行交互
2. 业务逻辑层:处理业务逻辑的。
3. 数据访问层:操作数据存储文件。
## 案例:用户信息列表展示
1. 需求:用户信息的查找操作
步骤:1.导入jar包
2.编写domain.User类
package domain;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String gender;
private int age;
private String address;
private String qq;
private String email;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getQq() {
return qq;
}
public void setQq(String qq) {
this.qq = qq;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
", qq='" + qq + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
2.编写util.JdbcUtils工具类
package util;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.xml.crypto.Data;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具类 使用Durid连接池
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static DataSource ds ;
static {
try {
//1.加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
//使用ClassLoader加载配置文件,获取字节输入流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);
//2.初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接池对象
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
/**
* 获取连接Connection对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
}
dao.UserDao接口类
package dao;
import domain.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserDao {
//操作数据库的接口
public List<User> findAll();
}
dao.impl.UserDaoImpl实体类
package dao.impl;
import dao.UserDao;
import java.util.List;
import domain.User;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import util.JDBCUtils;
//操作数据库的实体类
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
//获取连接
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
//编写sql语句
String sql = "select * from user";
//query方法返回一个list集合,集合中为user对象
List<User> users = template.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class));
return users;
}
}
service.UserService接口类
package service;
import domain.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserService {
//创建一个抽象方法
public List<User> findAll();
}
service.impl.UserServiceImpl类
package service.impl;
import dao.UserDao;
import dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import domain.User;
import service.UserService;
import java.util.List;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
//多态性
//获取UserDaoImpl对象
private UserDao dao = new UserDaoImpl();
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
//调用对象返回查询到的List集合中的User对象
return dao.findAll();
}
}
web.UserListServlet类
package web;
import domain.User;
import service.UserService;
import service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
@WebServlet("/userListServlet")
//web层
public class UserListServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取UserServiceImpl实体类对象
UserService service=new UserServiceImpl();
//调用findAll()方法返回查询到的list集合
List<User> users= service.findAll();
//将user对象存入request域中
request.setAttribute("users",users);
//转发到list.jsp页面
request.getRequestDispatcher("/list.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
list.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- 网页使用的语言 -->
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<!-- 指定字符集 -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- 使用Edge最新的浏览器的渲染方式 -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- viewport视口:网页可以根据设置的宽度自动进行适配,在浏览器的内部虚拟一个容器,容器的宽度与设备的宽度相同。
width: 默认宽度与设备的宽度相同
initial-scale: 初始的缩放比,为1:1 -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->
<title>用户信息管理系统</title>
<!-- 1. 导入CSS的全局样式 -->
<link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- 2. jQuery导入,建议使用1.9以上的版本 -->
<script src="js/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script>
<!-- 3. 导入bootstrap的js文件 -->
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
td, th {
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h3 style="text-align: center">用户信息列表</h3>
<div style="float: left;">
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputName2">姓名</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="address">籍贯</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="address">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="exampleInputEmail2">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">查询</button>
</form>
</div>
<div style="float: right;margin: 5px;"><a class="btn btn-primary" href="add.jsp">添加联系人</a>
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="add.jsp">删除选中</a></div>
<table border="1" class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr class="success">
<th><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox"></th>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>性别</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>籍贯</th>
<th>QQ</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${users}" var="user" varStatus="s">
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="checkbox"></td>
<td>${s.count}</td>
<td>${user.name}</td>
<td>${user.gender}</td>
<td>${user.age}</td>
<td>${user.address}</td>
<td>${user.qq}</td>
<td>${user.email}</td>
<td><a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="update.html">修改</a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm"
href="">删除</a></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>男</td>
<td>20</td>
<td>广东</td>
<td>44444222</td>
<td>zs@qq.com</td>
<td><a class="btn btn-default btn-sm" href="update.html">修改</a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-sm"
href="">删除</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
<span style="font-size: 25px;margin-left: 5px">共16条记录,共4页</span>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</body>
</html>