【PIL保存图片大坑!】使用PIL将numpy数组保存为图片与原图不一致

一、问题描述

使用PIL将numpy数组保存为灰度图的过程中发现保存的图片视觉上和原图不一致。经过实践,发现是数值类型的原因。

  • 处理后的得到的numpy数组如下,可以看出来该数组表示的图案是数字“1”,我们需要将该数组保存为灰度图像:
array = np.array([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 191, 255, 142, 56, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 253, 161, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 253, 253, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 66, 253, 253, 253, 253, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 145, 253, 253, 253, 205, 33, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 230, 253, 253, 246, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 230, 253, 253, 245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 253, 253, 202, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 155, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 168, 253, 246, 36, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 156,253, 253, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 156,253, 253, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55,249, 253, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
  • 保存方式1:
image = Image.fromarray(array)
image.save('111.png')

如下图所示,保存的图片肉眼上看并不是数字“1”
在这里插入图片描述

  • 保存方式2:
image = Image.fromarray(array, mode='L')
image.save('222.png')

如下图所示,保存的图片肉眼上看并不是数字“1”
在这里插入图片描述

二、解决方案

PIL保存图像时,要求输入的数据类型为uint8

  1. 首先使用print(array.dtype)查看数组的数值类型,发现是int32:
    在这里插入图片描述

  2. 使用array = array.astype(np.uint8)将数组的数值类型改为uint8
    在这里插入图片描述

  3. 使用PIL保存图片

image = Image.fromarray(array_change)
image.save('333.png')

看到保存的图片和我们需要的图片是一致的
在这里插入图片描述

三、完整代码:

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

# 将NumPy数组转换为np.uint8类型
array = np.array([[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 191, 255, 142, 56, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 253, 161, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 253, 253, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 66, 253, 253, 253, 253, 65, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 145, 253, 253, 253, 205, 33, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 230, 253, 253, 246, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 230, 253, 253, 245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 81, 253, 253, 202, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 155, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 66, 253, 253, 245, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 168, 253, 246, 36, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 156, 253, 253, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 156, 253, 253, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 249, 253, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
        [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]])
print("修改之前的数值类型:", array.dtype)
array_change = array.astype(np.uint8)
print("修改之后的数值类型:", array_change.dtype)
# 使用PIL保存图像
image = Image.fromarray(array_change)
image.save('333.png')
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