processing images

UESTC uestc-gla 2017 盛以恒

The main purpose of processing images is threefold:
(1) Improve the visual quality of the image, such as brightness, color conversion, enhancement, suppression of certain components, geometric transformation of the image, etc., to improve the image quality.

(2) Extracting certain features or special information contained in the image, which are often convenient for computer analysis of images. The process of extracting features or information is a pre-processing of computer or computer vision. The extracted features may include many aspects such as frequency domain features, grayscale or color features, boundary features, region features, texture features, shape features, topological features, and relationship structures.

(3) Transformation, encoding and compression of image data to facilitate image storage and transmission. Regardless of the purpose of image processing, an image processing system composed of a computer and an image-dedicated device is required to input, process, and output image data. Digital image processing

1. Digitization of images A sample that exists in its natural form is transformed into a digital form suitable for computer processing by sampling and quantification. The various forms of the image are represented in the form of a matrix.

2. The purpose of the image is to compress the amount of information on the image without changing the quality of the image to meet the requirements of transmission and storage. The coding mostly uses digital coding technology to process the image point by point.

3, image enhancement and recovery

The purpose of image enhancement is to transform the image into a form that is more suitable for human and machine analysis. Commonly used enhancement methods are: gray level histogram processing; interference rejection; edge sharpening; pseudo color processing.

The purpose of image restoration is the same as image enhancement. The main principle is to eliminate or reduce image damage and degradation caused by image acquisition and transmission, including image blur, image interference and noise, etc. Real image.

Regardless of image enhancement or image restoration, all pixels of the entire image must be operated. For the large number of image pixels, the calculation is also very large.

The purpose of encoding is to compress the amount of information of an image without changing the quality of the image to meet the requirements of transmission and storage. The coding mostly uses digital coding technology to process the image point by point.

4. Image segmentation Image segmentation is the division of images into non-overlapping regions. Each region is a contiguous set of pixels. Using the texture characteristics of the image, the image is segmented by dividing the pixels into specific regions and seeking boundaries between the regions.

5. Image analysis

Extract some useful metrics, data, and information from the image to a numerical result. Image analysis The image segmentation method extracts the features of the image and then symbolizes the image. This description not only answers the image whether a specific object exists, but also describes the image content in detail.

There are three methods to process the images:
(1) Average method

The average values of the luminances of the three components R, G, and B corresponding to each pixel point are respectively obtained, and then the average value in the color image can be given to the three components of red, green, and blue, so that a grayscale image can be obtained. It is equivalent to taking the weights of the three components of red, green, and blue, so that while reducing the amount of computation, it can also convert floating-point operations into integer operations.

(2) Component method

The gray values of the three grayscale images of red, green and blue can be determined by the brightness of the three components R, G and B in the color image, and a grayscale image is selected according to actual needs, for example, when considering the red component, You can think of the weight of the red component in the grayscale image formula as 1, and the weight of the blue and green components as 0, as well as other components.

(3) Maximum method

The maximum value of the three component luminances of the R, G, and B in the color image is used as the gray value of the grayscale image, so that the three component values of the red, green, and blue colors of the color are equal and maximum [3]. The weight of the maximum method is not fixed during the change process, and the speed is faster. But it can make the compatibility of the computer processing images larger, and finally make the image clearer.

With images process, we can see small things with Cryo-electron microscope. And Currently used in the medical field is medical image segmentation technology.