Jdbc完整代码

JDBC的操作步骤

1.注册驱动
2.获得连接
3.定义SQL语句
4.获取执行SQL的对象
5.执行SQL语句
6.处理执行后的结果
7.释放资源

下面是详细的代码演示及优化
(1)定义一个model类，Person，添加get,set,及构造方法

package com.hanqi.jdbc;

public class Person {
    private  int id ;
    private String name;
    private  String  sex;
    private  String info;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }
    public Person() {
        super();
    }
    public Person(int id, String name, String sex, String info) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", info='" + info + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

（2）定义一个jdbc工具类JdbcUtils

package com.hanqi.jdbc;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JdbcUtils {
    /**
     *  创建一个jdbc的工具类，简化创建连接和释放资源的操作
     */
    private static String url;
    private static String user;
    private static String password;



    //创建静态代码块，在类加载的时候执行一次，用来读取配文件
    static {

        try {
            //创建properties集合类
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            //注意，用类加载器来动态获取src下的配置文件路径
            ClassLoader classLoader = JdbcUtils.class.getClassLoader();
            URL resource = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
            String path1 = resource.getPath();
            //用urlDecoder来解决中文jdbc中文路径乱码的问题
            String path = URLDecoder.decode(path1, "utf-8");
            System.out.println(path);
            //加载配置文件
           // properties.load(new FileReader("src/jdbc.properties"));
            //用path来动态的获取路径
            properties.load(new FileReader(path));
            //获取信息
             url = properties.getProperty("url");
             user = properties.getProperty("user");
             password = properties.getProperty("password");
            String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");

            //注册驱动
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }



    //1.定义创建连接的方法
    public  static Connection getConnection(){
        try  {
            System.out.println("url"+url);
            Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password) ;
            return connection;
        }catch (Exception e){
            return null;
        }

    }
    //2.定义释放资源的方法

    public static void close(Statement statement ,Connection connection){
        if (statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
    //3.释放资源方法重载
    public static void close(ResultSet rs ,Statement statement ,Connection connection){
        if (rs!=null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }




}

(3)定义测试类

package com.hanqi.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class jdbcUtilsTest {
    //JDBC工具类使用测试
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Person> list= new ArrayList<>();
        Statement statement=null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        //用优化后的jdbc工具箱来执行查询所有信息的sql语句
        //获取工具类
        JdbcUtils jdbcUtils = new JdbcUtils();
        //获得连接
        Connection connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
        System.out.println(connection);
        //创建sql
        String sql="select * from person";
        //创建执行sql的对象
        try {
            statement = connection.createStatement();
             rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            //接收结果集
            while(rs.next()){
               int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String sex = rs.getString("sex");
                String info = rs.getString("info");
                list.add(new Person(id,name,sex,info));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //遍历list集合
            for (Person person:list) {
                System.out.println(person);
            }
            //释放资源
            jdbcUtils.close(rs,statement,connection);
        }


    }
}

注意
在执行getPath()时由于包含中文路径，会出现乱码问题。

String path1 = resource.getPath();

要用urlDecoder来解决中文路径乱码的问题

  String path = URLDecoder.decode(path1, "utf-8");

此时，输出的path是UTF-8编码，解决了乱码问题。