个人银行账户管理系统c++转Java(四-六）

1. 个人银行管理系统版本0.1（对应第4章记录）
   1)Java里面没有c++ 里的namespace，而是换成了package。
   2）private,public等在Java里面需要单独写在每一个成员前面。
   3）Java里不允许普通函数（除抽象类，接口等）的声明与函数体分开，要写一起。
   4）c++ 里面void test (int _x) const{}时const指该函数不能修改类的成员，而Java 里面final void
   5）test(){}时final表示该函数不能被重写。Java里没有const。
   6）Java里的输出是语句是System.out.println(变量名 + “字符串”)；相当于“<<”改成了“+”。
   7）Java里是不用写什么math.h等头文件的，类库里都有。比如取整：Math.floor() 。
   8）c++ 里面建立类的对象可以直接：类名 对象名（参数），而Java里面需要：类名 对象名 = new 类名（参数）。

package PersonalBank1;
//4_9.cpp
public class SavingsAccount         //储蓄账户类
{
	  private int id;                 //账号
	  private double balance;         //余额
	  private double rate;            //存款的年利率
	  private int lastDate;           //上次变更余额的时期
	  private double accumulation;    //余额按日累加之和
	  //记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
	  private void record(int date, double amount)
	  {
	  	accumulation = accumulate(date);
	      lastDate = date;
	      amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;  //保留小数点后两位
	  balance += amount;
	  System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance);
	  }
	  //获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
	  private double accumulate(int date)
	  { 
	      return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
	  }
	  //构造函数及相关成员函数的实现
	  public SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate)
	  {
	      this.id = id;
	      this.balance = 0;
	      this.rate = rate;
	      this.lastDate = date;
	      this.accumulation = 0;
	      System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+" is created");
	  }
	  public final int getId() { return id; }
	  public double getBalance() { return balance; }
	  public double getRate() { return rate; }
	  //存入现金
	  public void deposit(int date, double amount)
	  {
		  if(amount < 0.0){
			  System.out.println("Deposit is error!");
			  record(date, 0);
		  }
		  else record(date, amount);
	  }
	
	  //取出现金
	  public void withdraw(int date, double amount)
	  {
		  if(amount < 0.0){
			  System.out.println("Withdraw is error!");
			  record(date, 0);
		  }
		  else if (amount > getBalance())
	          System.out.println("Error: not enough money");
	      else
	          record(date, -amount);
	  }
	  //结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
	  public void settle(int date)
	  {
	      double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;    //计算年息
	      if (interest != 0)
	          record(date, interest);
	      accumulation = 0;
	  }
	  //显示账户信息
	  public void show()
	  {
	      System.out.println("#"+id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
	  }
		public static void main(String[] args)
		{
			//建立几个账户
	  SavingsAccount sa0 = new SavingsAccount(1,21325302,0.015);
	  //SavingsAccount sa1 = new SavingsAccount(1,58320212,0.015);
	  //几笔账目
	  sa0.deposit(5, -5000);
	 // sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
	  sa0.deposit(35, 5500);
	  sa0.withdraw(60, -3000);
	 // sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
	  //开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
	  sa0.settle(90);

	  //sa1.settle(90);
	  //输出各个账户信息
	  sa0.show(); //System.out.println();
	  //sa1.show(); System.out.println();
	}
}

2. 个人银行管理系统版本0.2（对应第5章记录）
   1）Java里面没有const修饰符，有类似的final，但两者功能有所差异。
   2）Java里的构造函数没有id(id)这种写法，大多是this.id=id。
   3）c++调用类的静态成员函数是 类名::函数名，而Java是 类名.函数名。

package PersonalBank2;
//account.cpp
public class SavingsAccount {
	
	private int id;				//账号
	private double balance;		//余额
	private double rate;		//存款的年利率
	private int lastDate;		//上次变更余额的时期
	private double accumulation;	//余额按日累加之和
	private static double total = 0;	//所有账户的总金额
	
		//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
	private void record(int date, double amount)
	{
		accumulation = accumulate(date);
		lastDate = date;
		amount = Math.floor((amount * 100 + 0.5)) / 100;	//保留小数点后两位
		balance += amount;
		total += amount;
		System.out.println(date + "\t#" + id + "\t" + amount + "\t" + balance);
	}
		//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
	private double accumulate(int date)
	{
			return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
	}
	
		//构造函数
	public SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate)
	{
		this.lastDate = date;
		this.id = id;
		this.rate = rate;
		this.accumulation = 0;
		this.balance = 0;
		System.out.println(date + "\t#" + id + " is created");
	}
	public int getId() { return id; }
	public double getBalance() { return balance; }
	public double getRate() { return rate; }
	public static double getTotal() { return total; }

		//存入现金
	public void deposit(int date, double amount)
	{
		record(date, amount);
	}
		//取出现金
	public void withdraw(int date, double amount)
	{
		if (amount > getBalance())
			System.out.println("Error: not enough money");
		else
			record(date, -amount);
	}
		//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
	public void settle(int date)
	{
		double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;	//计算年息
		if (interest != 0)
			record(date, interest);
		accumulation = 0;
	}
		//显示账户信息
	public void show()
	{
		System.out.println("#" + id + "\tBalance: " + balance);
	}

}

package PersonalBank2;
//5_11.cpp
public class PersonalBank {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//建立几个账户
		//SavingsAccount sa0 = new SavingsAccount(1, 21325302, 0.015);
		SavingsAccount sa1 = new SavingsAccount(1, 58320212, 0.015);

		//几笔账目
		//sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
		sa1.deposit(25, 3000);
		//sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
		sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);

		//开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
		//sa0.settle(90);
		sa1.settle(90);

		//输出各个账户信息
		//sa0.show();
		sa1.show();
		System.out.println("Total: " + SavingsAccount.getTotal());
	}
}

3. 个人银行管理系统版本0.3（对应第6章记录）
   1）Java里没有像c++一样的&符号引用，创建对象时一律使用new。
   2）Java里是不允许全局变量的，因为这会破坏封装性。
   3）Java里的异常退出exit(1)需要调用System.exit(1)。
   4）Java里的字符串类型是一个类String，还有print不输出换行，println才换行。

package PersonalBank3;
//date.cpp
public class Date {
	//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
	final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
	private int year;		//年
	private int month;		//月
	private int day;		//日
	private int totalDays;	//该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天

	boolean isLeapYear() {	//判断当年是否为闰年
		return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
	}
	public Date(int year, int month, int day)	//用年、月、日构造日期
	{
		this.day = day;
		this.month = month;
		this.year = year;
		if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
			System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
			show();
			System.out.println();
			System.exit(1);
		}
		int years = year - 1;
		totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
		if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
	}
	public int getYear() { return year; }
	public int getMonth() { return month; }
	public int getDay() { return day; }
	public int getMaxDay()		//获得当月有多少天
	{
		if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
			return 29;
		else
			return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
	}
		
	public void show()			//输出当前日期
	{
		System.out.print(getYear() + "-" + getMonth() + "-" + getDay());
	}
		//计算两个日期之间差多少天	
	int distance(Date date)
	{
		return totalDays - date.totalDays;
	}

}

package PersonalBank3;
//account.cpp
public class SavingsAccount {

	private String id;		//帐号
	private double balance;		//余额
	private double rate;		//存款的年利率
	private Date lastDate;		//上次变更余额的时期
	private double accumulation;	//余额按日累加之和
	private static double total = 0;	//所有账户的总金额

		//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
	private void record(Date date, double amount, String desc)
	{
		accumulation = accumulate(date);
		lastDate = date;
		amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;	//保留小数点后两位
		balance += amount;
		total += amount;
		date.show();
		System.out.println("\t#" + id + "\t" + amount + "\t" + balance + "\t" + desc);
	}
		//报告错误信息
	private void error(String msg)
	{
		System.out.println("Error(#" + id + "): " + msg);
	}
		//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
	private double accumulate(Date date)
	{
		return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
	}
	 
		//构造函数
	public SavingsAccount(Date date,String id, double rate)
	{
		this.id = id;
        this.balance = 0;
        this.rate = rate;
        this.lastDate = date;
        this.accumulation = 0;
		date.show();
		System.out.println( "\t#" + id + " created");
	}
	public String getId() { return id; }
	public double getBalance() { return balance; }
	public double getRate() { return rate; }
	public static double getTotal() { return total; }

		//存入现金
	public void deposit(Date date, double amount, String desc)
	{
		record(date, amount, desc);
	}
		//取出现金
	public void withdraw(Date date, double amount, String desc)
	 {
		if (amount > getBalance())
			error("not enough money");
		else
			record(date, -amount, desc);
	}
		//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
	public void settle(Date date)//计算年息
	{
		double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
		if (interest != 0)
			record(date, interest, "interest");
		accumulation = 0;
	}
		//显示账户信息
	public void show()
	{
		System.out.println(id + "\tBalance: " + balance);
	}

}

package PersonalBank3;
//6_25.cpp
public class PersonalBank {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//Date date = new Date(2008, 11, 1);	//起始日期
		/*
		//建立几个账户
		SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
			new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015),
			new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
		};
		int n = accounts.length; //账户总数
		//11月份的几笔账目
		accounts[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
		accounts[1].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
		//12月份的几笔账目
		accounts[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
		accounts[1].withdraw(new Date(2008, 12, 20), 20000, "buy a laptop");

		//结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
		System.out.println();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			accounts[i].settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
			accounts[i].show();
			//System.out.println();
		}
		System.out.println("Total: " + SavingsAccount.getTotal());
		*/
		Date date1 = new Date(2008, 11, 50);
		//Date date2 = new Date(2009, 2, 1);
		date1.show();
		//System.out.println();
		//System.out.println(date1.getMaxDay());
		//System.out.println();
		//date2.show();
		//System.out.println();
		//System.out.println(date2.getMaxDay());
		//System.out.println();
		//System.out.println(date2.distance(date1));
	}

}