Spring Cloud入门教程(三)：如何在服务机注册一个消费者和设置熔断机制

首先创建一个消费者步骤如下：
1. 创建项目

消费者的项目目录结构：

pom.xml配置如下：spring-cloud版本我是基于Dalston.SR4的1.8版本的

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.accp</groupId>
        <artifactId>user-client-consumer</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>user-client-consumer</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
       <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>spring-milestones</id>
                <name>Spring Milestones</name>
                <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
    
    </project>

yml文件配置如下：

   server:
      port: 5200
    spring:
      application:
        name: QQ-user-consumer
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://root:12345@localhost:5000/eureka/
    feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: true #熔断启动

main方法启动类代码如下：添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解和 @EnableFeignClients注解

package com.accp.userclientconsumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class UserClientConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserClientConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

映射提供者的接口：@FeignClient注解用来映射提供者的名称，映射提供者的接口里的方法名称方法参数必须跟提供者的控制层的方法要一样`

   package com.accp.userclientconsumer.controller;

import com.accp.entity.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@FeignClient(name="QQ-user-provider",fallback =UserClientFeignImpl.class)
public interface UserClientFeign {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/login",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String login(@RequestParam("name") String name);

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getUser",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String getUser(@RequestBody User user);

}

熔断类：当提供者死机的话或者关闭的话，页面不会报错而是会启动熔断机制，跳转到熔断类的指定方法返回指定的值，熔断机制就像是一根保险丝保证线路的安全。

package com.accp.userclientconsumer.controller;

import com.accp.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class UserClientFeignImpl implements UserClientFeign {

    @Override
    public String login(String name) {
        return "启动熔断机制--login方法";
    }

    @Override
    public String getUser(User user) {
        return "启动熔断机制--getUser方法";
    }
}

消费者的controller控制层：

 package com.accp.userclientconsumer.controller;


import com.accp.entity.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Resource
    private UserClientFeign userClientFeign;

    @RequestMapping("/userLogin")
    public String userLogin(String name){
        System.out.println("消费者调用了提供者的login方法,传进来的name参数值是:"+name);
        return "消费者调用了  "+userClientFeign.login(name);
    }


    @RequestMapping("/getUser")
    public String getUser( User user){
        System.out.println("消费者调用了提供者的getUser方法,传进来的user值是"+user);
        return "消费者调用了消费者调用了getUser方法返回传进来的user的name值是  "+userClientFeign.getUser(user);
    }


}

启动项目在浏览器输入控制层的访问路径：

当我把提供者的端口停掉后再访问：如果没有配置熔断机制的话页面会报错，现在可以看到页面没有报错，而是跳到了熔断类里指定方法

上一篇：Spring Cloud入门教程(二)：如何在服务机注册一个提供者
下一篇：SpringCloud(四)服务中心配置集群