geohash算法的实现及可视化（以广州为例）

geohash算法的实现及可视化（以广州为例）

前言

 最近参与某项目接触到geohash编码，便于男朋友尝试用其进行分区及可视化，以下内容为我与他共同努力的成果。（他的博客链接）
 geohash编码：geohash常用于将二维的经纬度转换为字符串，分为两步：第一步是经纬度的二进制编码，第二步是base32转码。本文将用它实现对广州市进行四级分区，并将分区结果可视化。

所需python环境

• python3.6
• pygeohash
• plotly
• numpy
• pandas
• mathmatplotlib

事先准备

1. 需要安装各个第三方库；
2. 由于plotly使用的地图api是mapbox，我们需要先注册一个mapbox的账号，之后可在Account界面下获取一个token备用，也可直接使用我代码中所用的token而无需注册（详细请见分区结构可视化部分）；

数据处理

 要对广州市进行分块，则先获取广州市边界信息，包括广州市边界经纬度集合、各点编码集合。
获取行政区域geojson网址

代码如下：

def getMainMap():
    """
    作用：获取广州各个分界点的编码、经、纬度子集、经纬度最值；
    :return:
    """
    # 广州的边界，三维列表；
    G = [[[114.03621, 23.90178], [114.04083, 23.8735], [114.05776, 23.84676], [114.05227, 23.83003],
          [114.03699, 23.81871], [114.03761, 23.80803], [114.04775, 23.80334], [114.03678, 23.79563],
          [114.05996, 23.77587], [114.03845, 23.77122], [114.02312, 23.75224], [114.01821, 23.76284],
          [114.00995, 23.76301], [114.01313, 23.77795], [113.99879, 23.76301], [113.97611, 23.75772],
          [113.97286, 23.73925], [113.92005, 23.72945], [113.91236, 23.71651], [113.90094, 23.71543],
          [113.88731, 23.6881], [113.84784, 23.67933], [113.85276, 23.66777], [113.84392, 23.66948],
          [113.83995, 23.65545], [113.81878, 23.65617], [113.82837, 23.64592], [113.81377, 23.62901],
          [113.85962, 23.60997], [113.86405, 23.58739], [113.85282, 23.57058], [113.86314, 23.56536],
          [113.87138, 23.54131], [113.88814, 23.53507], [113.89234, 23.52111], [113.91152, 23.50416],
          [113.94625, 23.49319], [113.93298, 23.47971], [113.97412, 23.47882], [113.98171, 23.47215],
          [113.97449, 23.4649], [113.95412, 23.46563], [113.95281, 23.44289], [113.96191, 23.43141],
          [113.98707, 23.43168], [113.98428, 23.40848], [113.99986, 23.39664], [113.98119, 23.37765],
          [114.00153, 23.34472], [113.99391, 23.33316], [113.98361, 23.33258], [113.9967, 23.29746],
          [113.95847, 23.31495], [113.95969, 23.33147], [113.93927, 23.34295], [113.89599, 23.34507],
          [113.8892, 23.33357], [113.89821, 23.32055], [113.89028, 23.28269], [113.87659, 23.26498],
          [113.89516, 23.25355], [113.89011, 23.24213], [113.90377, 23.21254], [113.894, 23.21266],
          [113.8838, 23.19169], [113.88898, 23.17863], [113.90229, 23.17326], [113.89146, 23.16325],
          [113.87478, 23.16535], [113.85873, 23.15725], [113.84897, 23.14772], [113.84108, 23.11615],
          [113.81467, 23.12777], [113.75405, 23.12957], [113.7386, 23.14131], [113.72437, 23.14122],
          [113.68781, 23.1198], [113.66115, 23.11142], [113.66043, 23.11877], [113.65125, 23.1193],
          [113.64028, 23.10389], [113.6104, 23.10379], [113.58642, 23.0878], [113.55629, 23.08124],
          [113.52289, 23.03727], [113.52923, 22.98261], [113.57428, 22.89194], [113.57122, 22.85312],
          [113.68528, 22.71773], [113.71686, 22.6452], [113.73762, 22.52766], [113.70598, 22.51629],
          [113.65161, 22.51572], [113.62078, 22.57953], [113.56163, 22.60751], [113.53297, 22.65498],
          [113.54072, 22.66621], [113.47131, 22.71499], [113.46797, 22.72852], [113.41219, 22.74283],
          [113.36351, 22.77412], [113.35654, 22.79297], [113.37468, 22.79456], [113.39343, 22.80985],
          [113.37442, 22.8226], [113.34652, 22.81614], [113.3121, 22.83039], [113.30966, 22.85119],
          [113.29614, 22.85991], [113.30083, 22.87677], [113.27703, 22.8947], [113.28596, 22.90144],
          [113.2824, 22.92739], [113.2981, 22.93431], [113.28632, 22.95032], [113.26705, 22.95494],
          [113.24993, 22.97329], [113.2579, 22.99486], [113.24966, 23.00204], [113.25286, 23.01977],
          [113.26313, 23.02114], [113.2578, 23.04677], [113.21169, 23.04332], [113.17792, 23.06803],
          [113.17741, 23.07756], [113.20907, 23.08346], [113.21673, 23.09866], [113.20814, 23.09968],
          [113.20247, 23.12111], [113.21055, 23.12337], [113.21267, 23.1411], [113.18686, 23.14825],
          [113.1896, 23.16195], [113.20945, 23.1771], [113.209, 23.19218], [113.17748, 23.22088], [113.182, 23.25278],
          [113.17653, 23.2736], [113.12798, 23.31455], [113.12437, 23.30659], [113.11322, 23.30986],
          [113.10575, 23.30273], [113.10568, 23.29027], [113.07164, 23.28371], [113.08083, 23.25087],
          [113.04476, 23.25096], [113.05378, 23.26378], [113.05143, 23.27839], [113.03263, 23.29767],
          [113.03755, 23.32007], [113.02347, 23.3249], [113.04309, 23.353], [113.03354, 23.35682],
          [113.01671, 23.34093], [113.01169, 23.35358], [112.98798, 23.35588], [112.98103, 23.38142],
          [112.98632, 23.39863], [113.00109, 23.40633], [112.98165, 23.43297], [112.98911, 23.4433],
          [112.96339, 23.42642], [112.95922, 23.43539], [112.97928, 23.46515], [113.01594, 23.46058],
          [113.02636, 23.47286], [113.05585, 23.47196], [113.08374, 23.4945], [113.11545, 23.50151],
          [113.1161, 23.51074], [113.15354, 23.50284], [113.1711, 23.51156], [113.17232, 23.52029],
          [113.1721, 23.51237], [113.19206, 23.51477], [113.19112, 23.52321], [113.21268, 23.54028],
          [113.20078, 23.56183], [113.20224, 23.57652], [113.22698, 23.58574], [113.22789, 23.59442],
          [113.24441, 23.58688], [113.24038, 23.60624], [113.24847, 23.60159], [113.27657, 23.616],
          [113.28134, 23.60836], [113.29946, 23.63689], [113.28927, 23.64436], [113.32726, 23.64442],
          [113.32796, 23.65548], [113.34908, 23.66797], [113.36372, 23.70716], [113.37539, 23.71282],
          [113.37836, 23.73153], [113.40431, 23.7235], [113.44191, 23.72704], [113.44386, 23.71592],
          [113.4643, 23.70797], [113.46871, 23.69099], [113.48103, 23.68404], [113.5137, 23.68209],
          [113.54547, 23.69639], [113.53836, 23.6991], [113.54291, 23.70181], [113.55876, 23.70069],
          [113.56805, 23.67944], [113.58729, 23.67523], [113.59835, 23.66267], [113.62259, 23.69944],
          [113.63819, 23.70457], [113.62812, 23.71171], [113.6364, 23.75024], [113.61546, 23.78739],
          [113.65167, 23.82013], [113.68139, 23.81202], [113.68737, 23.82572], [113.70638, 23.81527],
          [113.71855, 23.82076], [113.71353, 23.8625], [113.72476, 23.85356], [113.75817, 23.85749],
          [113.78761, 23.90246], [113.80945, 23.90061], [113.87532, 23.93047], [113.88583, 23.92366],
          [113.89252, 23.93167], [113.91024, 23.92357], [113.93353, 23.92923], [113.94117, 23.92357],
          [113.96945, 23.93256], [113.98452, 23.92617], [114.00921, 23.93291], [114.03294, 23.92039],
          [114.03621, 23.90178]]]
    # 得到广州边界的分区情况和经纬度集合；
    p, lon, lat = Partition(G)
    lonmax = np.max((lon))  # 经度最大值：
    lonmin = np.min((lon))  # 经度最大值：
    latmax = np.max((lat))  # 维度最大值：
    latmin = np.min((lat))  # 经度最大值：
    return lonmax, lonmin, latmax, latmin, p, lon, lat

def Partition(G):
    """
    :param G: 广州边界坐标集合，形式为三维数组。
    :re）turn:
    """
    # 存储各点经度
    lon = []
    # 存储各点纬度
    lat = []
    # 存储各点编码
    p = []
    for i in range(len(G)):
        for j in range(len(G[i])):
            lat.append(G[i][j][1])
            lon.append(G[i][j][0])
            result = get_geohash(G[i][j][1], G[i][j][0])
            p.append(result)
    return p,lon,lat

便利函数：

 geohash的编码及解码函数

# 获取编码：# 输入为经纬度，输出为编码；
def get_geohash