文章目录
什么是注解
内置注解
元注解
package annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
//什么是注解
@MyAnnotation
public class test1 {
public void test() {
}
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})//METHOD是方法,TYPE是类
//Retention,表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效
//runtime>class>source
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented表示是否将我们的注解生成在Javadoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation {
}
自定义注解
package annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//自定义注解
public class Test2 {
@MyAnnotation2(age = 3)
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
@MyAnnotation3("aaa")
private void test(){
}
}
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
//注解的参数:参数类型 + 参数名称();
String name() default "";
int age();
int id() default -1;//如果默认值为-1,代表不存在
}
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
String value();//只有value可以省略,直接写
}
反射
获得反射对象
package reflection;
//什么叫反射
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException{
//通过反射获取类的Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
System.out.println(c1);
Class c2 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
Class c3 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
Class c4 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
//一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
//一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都会背封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
//实体类pojo
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
得到Class类几种方式
package reflection;
//测试class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person=new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是:"+person.name);
//方式一:通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方法2:forName获得
Class<?> c2 = Class.forName("reflection.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方法3
Class<Student> c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方法4:基本内置类的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4=Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
//获得父类的类型(Student的父类是Person)
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5.hashCode());
Class c6 = Class.forName("reflection.Person");
System.out.println(c6.hashCode());
}
}
class Person{
public String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
public Student() {
this.name="学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person{
public Teacher() {
this.name="老师";
}
}
所有类型的Class对象
package reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
//所有类型的Class
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class;//类
Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class;//void
Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个Class
int [] a=new int[10];
int [] b=new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
类加载内存分析
package reflection;
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.m);
/**
1.加载到内存,会产生一个类对应的Class对象
2.链接,链接结束后m=0
3.初始化
<clinit>(){
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
m = 100;
}
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m=300;
}
/**
m = 300;
m = 100;
**/
static int m=100;
public A() {
System.out.println("A的无参构造器初始化");
}
}
分析类初始化
package reflection;
//测试类什么时候会初始化
public class Test05 {
static {
System.out.println("main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1.主动引用
//Son son = new Son();
//反射也会产生主动引用
//Class.forName("reflection.Son");
//不会产生类的引用的方法
//System.out.println(Son.b);
//数组只有main方法被加载
//Son[] array=new Son[5];
System.out.println(Son.M);
}
}
class Father{
static int b=2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载了");
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m=300;
}
static int m=100;
static final int M=1;
}
类加载器
package reflection;
public class Test06 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统的类的加载器-->用户级别
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器(C/C++)
ClassLoader parentParent = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parentParent);
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader loader = Class.forName("reflection.Test06").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(loader);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的-->根加载器
ClassLoader aClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(aClass);
//如何获得系统加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
/**
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jce.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\resources.jar;
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\rt.jar;
E:\IDEA\MyStudy\MyJava\out\production\MyJava;
E:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
*/
}
}
获取运行时类的完整结构
package reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//获取类的信息
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class c1 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());//获得包名 + 类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//获得类名
//获得类的属性
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//得到全部的属性
for (Field field:fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
System.out.println("================================================================");
//获得指定属性的值
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println("================================================================");
//获得类的方法
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("getMethods:"+method);
}
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------");
Method[] declaredMethods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : declaredMethods) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:"+method);
}
System.out.println("================================================================");
//获得指定的方法
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
System.out.println("================================================================");
//获取构造器
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("getConstructors"+constructor);
}
Constructor[] declaredConstructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : declaredConstructors) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors"+constructor);
}
System.out.println("================================================================");
//获取指定的构造器
Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定的构造器:"+constructor);
}
}
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:E:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=63628:E:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\IDEA\MyStudy\MyJava\out\production\MyJava" reflection.Test07
reflection.User
User
private java.lang.String reflection.User.name
private int reflection.User.id
private int reflection.User.age
================================================================
private java.lang.String reflection.User.name
================================================================
getMethods:public java.lang.String reflection.User.getName()
getMethods:public int reflection.User.getId()
getMethods:public void reflection.User.setName(java.lang.String)
getMethods:public int reflection.User.getAge()
getMethods:public void reflection.User.setAge(int)
getMethods:public void reflection.User.setId(int)
getMethods:public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException
getMethods:public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
getMethods:public final native void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException
getMethods:public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
getMethods:public java.lang.String java.lang.Object.toString()
getMethods:public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode()
getMethods:public final native java.lang.Class java.lang.Object.getClass()
getMethods:public final native void java.lang.Object.notify()
getMethods:public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll()
------------------------------------------------------------------
getDeclaredMethods:public java.lang.String reflection.User.getName()
getDeclaredMethods:public int reflection.User.getId()
getDeclaredMethods:public void reflection.User.setName(java.lang.String)
getDeclaredMethods:public int reflection.User.getAge()
getDeclaredMethods:public void reflection.User.setAge(int)
getDeclaredMethods:public void reflection.User.setId(int)
================================================================
public java.lang.String reflection.User.getName()
public void reflection.User.setName(java.lang.String)
================================================================
getConstructorspublic reflection.User()
getConstructorspublic reflection.User(java.lang.String,int,int)
getDeclaredConstructorspublic reflection.User()
getDeclaredConstructorspublic reflection.User(java.lang.String,int,int)
================================================================
指定的构造器:public reflection.User(java.lang.String,int,int)
Process finished with exit code 0
动态创建对象执行方法
性能对比分析
反射用的比较多的话建议使用setAccessible(true);来关闭检测
package reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//分析性能问题
public class Test09 {
//普通方法调用
public static void test01(){
User user=new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 10_0000_0000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方法调用
public static void test02() throws Exception {
Class c1 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
User user = (User)c1.newInstance();
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 10_0000_0000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方法执行10亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方法调用 关闭检测
public static void test03() throws Exception {
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("reflection.User");
User user = (User)c1.newInstance();
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 10_0000_0000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("关闭检测方法执行10亿次"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
}
获取泛型信息
package reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
//通过反射获取泛型
public class Test10 {
public void test01(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list){
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String,User> test02(){
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method test01 = Test10.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = test01.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("#"+genericParameterType);
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){//判断泛型是否为结构化类型
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println("$"+actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
Method test02 = Test10.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = test02.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println("%"+actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
获取注解信息
package reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
//练习反射操作注解
public class Test11 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("reflection.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解的value的值
Table table =(Table) c1.getAnnotation(Table.class);
String value = table.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
java.lang.reflect.Field field= c1.getDeclaredField("id");
Field annotation=(Field) field.getAnnotation(Field.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@Table("db_student")
class Student2{
@Field(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
private int id;
@Field(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
private int age;
@Field(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Table{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Field{
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}