SpringMVC学习 && 拦截器

• 作用：SpringMVC的拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter，用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能

• 与过滤器区别：

  • 过滤器：
    • servlet规范中的一部分，任何java web工程都可以使用
    • 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后，可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
  • 拦截器
    • SpringMVC框架自己的，只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
    • 只会拦截访问的控制器方法（@Controlle注释的方法）

• 自定义拦截器必须实现HandlerInterceptor接口
   

自定义拦截器使用：

1. 新建一个工程，添加web支持，导入lib依赖
2. 配置web.xml和applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.Nana.controller"/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

3. 编写一个实现了HandlerInceptor的拦截器

public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    //在请求处理的方法之前执行
    //如果返回true执行下一个拦截器
    //如果返回false就不执行下一个拦截器
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("------------处理前------------");
        return true;
    }

    //在请求处理方法执行之后执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("------------处理后------------");
    }

    //在dispatcherServlet处理后执行,做清理工作.
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("------------清理------------");
    }
}

4. 在applicationContext中注册拦截器

<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
        <bean class="com.Nana.config.MyInterceptor"/>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

5. 编写网址映射

@RestController
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/t1")
    public String test(){
        System.out.println("方法执行了");
        return "hello";
    }
}

6. 启动测试

 

用户登录拦截实现：

1. 编写首页index.jsp、登录页面login.jsp、登陆成功页面success.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
  <title>$Title$</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>首页</h1>
    <hr>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumplogin">登录</a>
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumpSuccess">成功页面</a>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>

<h1>登录页面</h1>
<hr>

<body>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="pwd"> <br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>登录成功页面</h1>
    <hr>
        ${user}
    <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">注销</a>
</body>
</html>

2. 编写过滤器

public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 如果是登陆页面则放行
        System.out.println("uri: " + request.getRequestURI());
        if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) {
            return true;
        }

        HttpSession session = request.getSession();

        // 如果用户已登陆也放行
        if(session.getAttribute("user") != null) {
            return true;
        }

        // 用户没有登陆跳转到登陆页面
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
        return false;
    }

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { }

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { }
}

3. 注册过滤器

<mvc:interceptor>
    <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
    <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="com.Nana.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>

4. 启动测试：用户未登录或者注销之后无法直接进入到登录成功页面页面