linux网络编程学习之路（六）

web服务器开发复习动态库找不到问题

mxml安装和配置

./configure
make
sudo make install

测试安装是否成功。

出现以上问题是因为只有声明没有实现，需要链接一些库。
输入命令：

gcc testmxml.c -lmxml -lpthread -o mytest
./mytest

出现错误：

./mytest: error while loading shared libraries: libmxml.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法：
这个问题是没有配置环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

使用export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
./mytest后，Usage: testmxml filename.xml [string-output.xml]

需要./mytest test.xml即可。
mxml

包含头文件：mxml.h
编译的时候需要添加动态库：libmxml.so

-lmxml
/usr/local/lib

若想编译的时候不加-lpthread,可以关闭。

./configure --enable-threads=no

使用mxml api生成xml文件

根标签的对应的节点的父亲节点是文件头节点。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <mxml.h>

int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    // 文件头
    mxml_node_t *root = mxmlNewXML("1.0");

    // 根标签 -- china
    mxml_node_t* china = mxmlNewElement(root, "china");
    // 子标签 -- city
    mxml_node_t* city = mxmlNewElement(china, "city");
    mxml_node_t* info = mxmlNewElement(city, "name");
    // 标签赋值
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "北京");
    // 设置属性
    mxmlElementSetAttr(info, "isbig", "Yes");
    // 面积
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "area");
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "16410 平方公里");
    // 人口
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "population");
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "2171万人");
    // gdp
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "gdp");
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "24541亿元");

    // 东京
    city = mxmlNewElement(china, "city");
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "name");
    // 标签赋值
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "东京");
    // 设置属性
    mxmlElementSetAttr(info, "isbig", "No");
    // 面积
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "area");
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "2188 平方公里");
    // 人口
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "population");
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "3670万人");
    // gdp
    info = mxmlNewElement(city, "gdp");
    mxmlNewText(info, 0, "31700亿元");

    // 数据保存到磁盘文件
    FILE* fp = fopen("china.xml", "w");
    mxmlSaveFile(root, fp, MXML_NO_CALLBACK);
    
    fclose(fp);
    mxmlDelete(root);

    return 0;
}

mxml获取文件数据api

#include <stdio.h>
#include "mxml.h"

int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    if(argc < 2)
    {
        printf("./a.out filename\n");
        return 0;
    }
    // 加载xml文件
    FILE* fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
    mxml_node_t* root = mxmlLoadFile(NULL, fp, MXML_NO_CALLBACK);

    // 找到第一个factory节点
    mxml_node_t* factory = mxmlFindElement(root, root, "factory", "name", NULL, MXML_DESCEND);
    // 循环查找
    while( factory  )
    {
        // 打印几点的属性值
        printf("factory attr: %s\n", mxmlElementGetAttr(factory, "name"));

        // 向下移动一个节点
        mxml_node_t* brand = mxmlWalkNext(factory, root, MXML_DESCEND);
        while( brand )
        {
            // name
            mxml_node_t* node = mxmlWalkNext(brand, root, MXML_DESCEND_FIRST);
            printf("    name: %s\n", mxmlGetText(node, 0));
            // color
            node = mxmlWalkNext(node, root, MXML_NO_DESCEND);
            printf("    color: %s\n", mxmlGetText(node, 0));
            // price
            node = mxmlWalkNext(node, root, MXML_NO_DESCEND);
            printf("    price: %s\n", mxmlGetText(node, 0));
            printf("    =========================================\n");

            // 找到下一个品牌节点
            brand = mxmlFindElement(brand, root, "brand", NULL, NULL, MXML_NO_DESCEND);
        }
        // 打印该厂家对应的车辆品牌和属性信息
        // 查找下一个节点
        factory = mxmlFindElement(factory, root, "factory", "name", NULL, MXML_NO_DESCEND);
    }
    mxmlDelete(root);
    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
}

json格式

json格式示例文件

[
	"一汽大众", 
	"二汽神龙", 
	"上海大众",
	123,
	true
]

{
    "KSF": "康师傅",
    "Kevin": "Apple",
    "Leilei": "loveHanMeiMei",
    "Licy": "red",
    "Lucy": "HelloWorld"
}

{
    "奔驰": {
        "factory": "一汽大众",
        "last": 31,
        "price": 83,
        "sell": 49,
        "sum": 80,
    },
    "奥迪A6": {
        "factory": "一汽大众",
        "last": 15,
        "price": 36,
        "sell": 35,
        "sum": 50
    },
    "宝来": {
        "factory": "一汽大众",
        "last": 75,
        "price": 41,
        "sell": 5,
        "sum": 80
    },
    "富康": {
        "factory": "二汽神龙",
        "last": 38,
        "price": 28,
        "sell": 22,
        "sum": 60
    },
    "帕萨特": {
        "factory": "上海大众",
        "last": 42,
        "price": 27,
        "sell": 23,
        "sum": 65
    },
    "捷达": {
        "factory": "一汽大众",
        "last": 69,
        "price": 10,
        "sell": 11,
        "sum": 80
    },
    "标致307": {
        "factory": "二汽神龙",
        "last": 58,
        "price": 27,
        "sell": 12,
        "sum": 70
    },
    "桑塔纳": {
        "factory": "上海大众",
        "last": 63,
        "price": 25,
        "sell": 12,
        "sum": 75
    },
    "毕加索": {
        "factory": "二汽神龙",
        "last": 29,
        "price": 39,
        "sell": 21,
        "sum": 50
    }
}

cjson介绍

JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)是一种轻量级的文本数据交换格式，易于让人阅读。同时也易于机器解析和生成。尽管JSON是Javascript的一个子集，但JSON是独立于语言的文本格式，并且采用了类似于C语言家族的一些习惯。JSON解析器和JSON库支持许多不同的编程语言。
cJSON是一个仅有一个.h文件，一个.c文件组成的JSON解析器，它是由纯C(ANSI C89)实现的，跨平台性较好。cJSON中有一个cJSON结构体。cJSON是采用链表存储的。

cjson api创建json文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "cJSON.h"

int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    // 创建对象
    cJSON* obj = cJSON_CreateObject();

    // 创建子对象
    cJSON* subObj = cJSON_CreateObject();
    // 添加key-value
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subObj, "factory", cJSON_CreateString("一汽大众"));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subObj, "last", cJSON_CreateNumber(31));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subObj, "price", cJSON_CreateNumber(83));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subObj, "sell", cJSON_CreateNumber(49));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subObj, "sum", cJSON_CreateNumber(80));

    // 创建json数组
    cJSON* array = cJSON_CreateArray();
    // array添加元素
    cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, cJSON_CreateNumber(123));
    cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, cJSON_CreateBool(1));
    cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, cJSON_CreateString("hello, world"));

    // 数组中的对象
    cJSON* subsub = cJSON_CreateObject();
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subsub, "梅赛德斯奔驰", 
                          cJSON_CreateString("心所向, 持以恒"));
    cJSON_AddItemToArray(array, subsub);

    cJSON_AddItemToObject(subObj, "other", array);

    // obj中添加key - value
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(obj, "奔驰", subObj);

    // 数据格式化
    char* data = cJSON_Print(obj);
    FILE* fp = fopen("car.json", "w");
    fwrite(data, sizeof(char), strlen(data)+1, fp);
    fclose(fp);

    return 0;
}

gcc Json_create.c cJSON.c -o create -lm
./create

cjson解析api

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "cJSON.h"

int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
    if(argc < 2)
    {
        printf("./a.out jsonfile\n");
        return 0;
    }

    // 加载json文件 
    FILE* fp = fopen(argv[1], "r");
    char buf[1024] = {0};
    fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), fp);
    cJSON* root = cJSON_Parse(buf);

    cJSON* subobj = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "奔驰");
    // 判断对象是否存在
    if( subobj )
    {
        // 获取子对象
        cJSON* factory = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobj, "factory");
        cJSON* last = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobj, "last");
        cJSON* price = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobj, "price");
        cJSON* sell = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobj, "sell");
        cJSON* sum = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobj, "sum");
        cJSON* other = cJSON_GetObjectItem(subobj, "other");

        // 打印value值
        printf("奔驰：\n");
        printf("    factory: %s\n", cJSON_Print(factory));
        printf("    last: %s\n", cJSON_Print(last));
        printf("    price: %s\n", cJSON_Print(price));
        printf("    sell: %s\n", cJSON_Print(sell));
        printf("    sum: %s\n", cJSON_Print(sum));

        // 打印数组内容
        printf("    other:\n");
        if(other->type == cJSON_Array)
        {
            for(int i=0; i<cJSON_GetArraySize(other); ++i)
            {
                cJSON* node = cJSON_GetArrayItem(other, i);
                // 判断数据类型
                if(node->type == cJSON_String)
                {
                    printf("        %s  \n", node->valuestring);
                }
                if(node->type == cJSON_Number)
                {
                    printf("        %d\n", node->valueint);
                }
                if(node->type == cJSON_True)
                {
                    printf("        %d\n", node->valueint);
                }
                if(node->type == cJSON_False)
                {
                    printf("        %d\n", node->valueint);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    cJSON_Delete(root);
    fclose(fp);


    return 0;
}