java中当输入行数未知时，读取命令行输入的解决方法

今天帮同学做笔试题，在scanner的使用中遇到一个小坑，都怪自己学艺不精，赶紧来记录一下

问题来源

在线笔试题中，有时会给定多行输入，但是行数是未知的，这时该如何解决这一问题呢

容易想到但错误的解决方案

import java.util.Scanner;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String s;
        while (sc.hasNext()){
            System.out.println("loop");
            if ((s = sc.nextLine()).equals(""))
                break;
        }

    }
}

以上代码试图通过hasNext()方法解决这一问题，问题似乎是解决了，当没有输入的时候自动退出while不是很好吗？我们来看一下运行结果

注意看命令行中光标的位置，这是我点击了多次回车后的效果，可以看出，程序丝毫没有要退出while循环的迹象。

问题追踪

我们来看一下hasNext()方法的源码，注释中写的很清楚，这一方法很可能造成线程阻塞，也就是说如果方法发现缓冲区中没有数据，它就会一直等下去。观察源码，方法中第三行有一个while，聪明的同学可能会想，我们把sourceClosed改了，把数据源关闭是不是就可以了，答案也是否定的，因为线程在这个方法中已经阻塞了，没有多余的精力去分析现状并关闭数据源。
那到底该怎么解决这一问题呢？
往下看

解决方案

先放代码

import java.util.Scanner;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String s;
        while (true){
            System.out.println("loop");
            if ((s = sc.nextLine()).equals(""))
                break;
        }

    }
}

这一次就可以了，因为当线程不会在hasNext方法中阻塞了，一旦出现空行，我们可以自行读取，并退出循环。

那这样不判断hasNext直接读取数据，会不会造成异常呢？
我们来看下源码是怎么实现的

 /**
     * Advances this scanner past the current line and returns the input
     * that was skipped.
     *
     * This method returns the rest of the current line, excluding any line
     * separator at the end. The position is set to the beginning of the next
     * line.
     *
     * <p>Since this method continues to search through the input looking
     * for a line separator, it may buffer all of the input searching for
     * the line to skip if no line separators are present.
     *
     * @return the line that was skipped
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if no line was found
     * @throws IllegalStateException if this scanner is closed
     */
    public String nextLine() {
        if (hasNextPattern == linePattern())
            return getCachedResult();
        clearCaches();

        String result = findWithinHorizon(linePattern, 0);
        if (result == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException("No line found");
        MatchResult mr = this.match();
        String lineSep = mr.group(1);
        if (lineSep != null)
            result = result.substring(0, result.length() - lineSep.length());
        if (result == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        else
            return result;
    }

源码中写了
if (result == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException(“No line found”);
那难道不会造成异常吗？
我们看到这一行的上面调用了findWithinHorizon方法，看看这一方法是怎么实现的吧？

   /**
     * Attempts to find the next occurrence of the specified pattern.
     *
     * <p>This method searches through the input up to the specified
     * search horizon, ignoring delimiters. If the pattern is found the
     * scanner advances past the input that matched and returns the string
     * that matched the pattern. If no such pattern is detected then the
     * null is returned and the scanner's position remains unchanged. This
     * method may block waiting for input that matches the pattern.
     *
     * <p>A scanner will never search more than <code>horizon</code> code
     * points beyond its current position. Note that a match may be clipped
     * by the horizon; that is, an arbitrary match result may have been
     * different if the horizon had been larger. The scanner treats the
     * horizon as a transparent, non-anchoring bound (see {@link
     * Matcher#useTransparentBounds} and {@link Matcher#useAnchoringBounds}).
     *
     * <p>If horizon is <code>0</code>, then the horizon is ignored and
     * this method continues to search through the input looking for the
     * specified pattern without bound. In this case it may buffer all of
     * the input searching for the pattern.
     *
     * <p>If horizon is negative, then an IllegalArgumentException is
     * thrown.
     *
     * @param pattern the pattern to scan for
     * @param horizon the search horizon
     * @return the text that matched the specified pattern
     * @throws IllegalStateException if this scanner is closed
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if horizon is negative
     */
    public String findWithinHorizon(Pattern pattern, int horizon) {
        ensureOpen();
        if (pattern == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (horizon < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("horizon < 0");
        clearCaches();

        // Search for the pattern
        while (true) {
            String token = findPatternInBuffer(pattern, horizon);
            if (token != null) {
                matchValid = true;
                return token;
            }
            if (needInput)
                readInput();
            else
                break; // up to end of input
        }
        return null;
    }

可以看到，这一方法的实现中用了一个while(true)来读取缓冲区，如果读到数据才返回，所以直接读不会造成异常啦~

总结

采用本文中介绍的方法读取多行时，因为hasNext()方法仅仅将回车符作为结束符，所以当我们如果想停止输入，在最后一行直接点击回车就好了，这时nextLine()方法会返回一个空字符串（就是""），程序就会通过break退出循环了。