kvm 8.命令行配置网络

一个kvm虚拟机由两部分组成

1.配置文件

        /etc/libvirt/qemu

2.磁盘镜像文件 装好系统之后的虚拟机磁盘

        /var/lib/libvirt/images

一 .nat

1.创建一台三层交换

cp  /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/{default.xml,nat1.xml}

vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/nat1.xml

修改前

<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>99bbcca9-ffa7-475b-9c1d-bd0639c4662c</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:95:1b:29'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

修改后

<network>
  <name>nat1</name>
  <uuid>99bbcca9-ffa7-475b-9c1d-bd0659c4662c</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:98:1b:29'/>
  <ip address='192.168.123.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.123.2' end='192.168.123.254'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

2.把虚拟机插到三层交换上

vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/VM5.xml

<interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:62:36:4e'/>
      <source network='nat1'/>                                               //从default修改成nat1
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>

virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/VM5.xml                                  //重新定义文件

systemctl restart libvirtd                                                        //重启服务,遇到问题就重启

3.打开三层交换机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list --all
 名称      状态     自动开始   持久
-------------------------------------
 default   活动     是         是
 nat1      不活跃   否         是

[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-start nat1
网络 nat1 已开始

[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-autostart nat1
网络nat1标记为自动启动

[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list --all
 名称      状态   自动开始   持久
-----------------------------------
 default   活动   是         是
 nat1      活动   是         是

二.桥接

 cp /etc/sysconfig/network-script/{ifcfg-ens33,ifcfg-br0}

vim ifcfg-br0                               //修改配置文件

TYPE="Bridge"
BOOTPROTO="none"
NAME="br0"
DEVICE="br0"
ONBOOT="yes"
PREFIX=24
IPADDR=192.168.196.10
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
GATEWAY=192.168.196.2
DNS1=192.168.196.2

vim ifcfg-ens33                             //修改后的配置文件

TYPE="Ethernet"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
BRIDGE=br0

vim ifcfg-ens33                      //原配置文件，在此作为备份

TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="1574230a-fd71-4d67-a1df-22d055542f11"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"

测试桥接

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y bridge-utils

[root@localhost ~]# brctl delif virbr0 virbr0-nic

[root@localhost ~]# brctl addif virbr0 virbr0-nic
[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name    bridge id        STP enabled    interfaces
br0        8000.000c2940723c    no        ens33
                            vnet0
virbr0        8000.525400943e78    yes        virbr0-nic
virbr1        8000.000000000000    yes       

查看kvm虚拟机IP地址

[root@localhost ~]# virsh domifaddr vm1
 名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 vnet0      52:54:00:fb:18:5c    ipv4         192.168.123.242/24