图像操作

读写像素

1. 读一个 GRAY 像素点的像素值 (CV_8UC1)

Scalar intensity = src.at<uchar>(y, x)
或者
Scalar intensity = src.at<uchar>(Point(y, x))

2. 读一个 RGB 像素点的像素值

int b = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0];
int g = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1];
int r = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2];

3. Vec3b 与 Vec3f

• Vec3b 对应三通道的顺序是 blue, green, red 的 uchar 型数据
• Vec3f 对应三通道的 float 类型数据
• 把 CV_8UC1 转换到 CV_32F1 使用如下　API 函数
  src.converTo(dst, CV_32F)

#include <iostream>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    Mat src, gray_src;
    src = imread("/home/xm/workspace_2020/study_code/data/lena.jpg");
    if (src.empty())
    {
        printf("could not load image ...\n");
        return -1;
    }
    namedWindow("src image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("src image", src);

/*
    cvtColor(src, gray_src, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    namedWindow("gray_image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("gray_image", gray_src);


    // 单通道反差
    int height = gray_src.rows;
    int width = gray_src.cols;

    for (int row=0;row<height;row++)
    {
        for (int col=0;col<width;col++)
        {
            int gray = gray_src.at<uchar>(row, col);
            gray_src.at<uchar>(row, col) = 255 - gray;
        }
    }
    namedWindow("sub gray", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("sub gray", gray_src);
*/
    // 三通道反差
    Mat dst;
    dst.create(src.size(), src.type());

    int height = src.rows;
    int width = src.cols;
    int channels = src.channels();

    for (int row=0;row<height;row++)
    {
        for (int col=0;col<width;col++)
        {
            if (channels == 1)
            {
                int gray = gray_src.at<uchar>(row, col);
                gray_src.at<uchar>(row, col) = 255 - gray;
            }
            else if (channels==3)
            {
                int b = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0];
                int g = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1];
                int r = src.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2];

                dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = 255  - b;
                dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = 255  - g;
                dst.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = 255  - r;
            }
        }
    }


    namedWindow("sub src", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("sub src", dst);
    imwrite("sub.jpg", dst);
    // API 
    Mat dst1;
    bitwise_not(src, dst1);

    namedWindow("bitwise_not", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow("bitwise_not", dst1);
    imwrite("bitwise_not.jpg", dst1);

    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

图像取反的操作结果

左图为输入图像，中间为自己实现的取反操作，右图是 bitwise_not 操作．