嵌入式固件的自校验方案（keil + arm）

背景

嵌入式项目大多都有iap固件升级功能，而网络传输过程文件损坏，升级这些损坏的固件很有可能导致仪器死机成砖的情况，这样在无人值守的情况下，仪器死机会造成很多麻烦，所以仪器iap固件的自校验就很有必要，在这里介绍一种侵入代码少，方便快捷的自校验方案。

环境

开发环境 keil + stm32+SRecord
SRecord 是一个开源工具可以很方便快捷的解析转换映像文件。
官网里面有更详尽的资料使用说明介绍。

方案

根据keil及SRecord 编译生成hex自动拼接crc32校验码在固件里，boot底层或者上位机对输入固件做信息校验。

步骤

1. 下载SRecord工具，解压放在项目根目录下
2. 项目编译后处理，我们这里介绍keil处理，iar等其他开发环境类推。依次右键点击项目–> Project - Options for Target –> Output.开启hex输出。
3. 点击 Project - Options for Target – User. 在 After Build – Run #1，#2分别 添加以下两条指令

…\srec_cat …\output\testCRC32.hex -intel -crc32-l-e -maximum-address …\output\testCRC32.hex -intel -o …\output\testCRC32Output.hex -intel

…\output\testCRC32.hex -intel ：以Intel hex format打开目标路径下的hex文件。

-crc32-l-e -maximum-address …\output\testCRC32.hex -intel :crc32算出来的32字节以小端模式 写入 testCRC32.hex 文件的最大地址处。这里因为一些原因采用上位机升级校验，所以校验位拼接在最末尾。如果采用boot底层校验的情况应当选取定址。如 -crc32-l-e 0x803FFFC。

-o …\output\testCRC32Output.hex -intel ：输出路径

…\srec_cat …\output\testCRC32Output.hex -Intel -offset -0x8010000 -o …/binFileWithCRC.bin -Binary

…\output\testCRC32Output.hex -Intel -offset -0x8010000：如上，-offset -0x8010000 指偏移地址，由于bin文件不含地址信息，如果不对hex文件指定地址，bin文件会从地址0开始，导致bin文件非常大。 0x8010000该值可以按照自己项目及芯片设定。

-o …/binFileWithCRC.bin -Binary ：输出bin文件

4. 这样我们就得到了，三个固件，分别原始hex，带crc的hex，带crc的bin，使用于不同场景。
5. 上位机app升级时校验文件的crc是否一致。附工具类：

  class CRC32Utils
    {
        static UInt32[] crcTable =
       {
           0x00000000,0x77073096,0xEE0E612C,0x990951BA,0x076DC419,0x706AF48F,0xE963A535,
           0x9E6495A3,0x0EDB8832,0x79DCB8A4,0xE0D5E91E,0x97D2D988,0x09B64C2B,0x7EB17CBD,
           0xE7B82D07,0x90BF1D91,0x1DB71064,0x6AB020F2,0xF3B97148,0x84BE41DE,0x1ADAD47D,
           0x6DDDE4EB,0xF4D4B551,0x83D385C7,0x136C9856,0x646BA8C0,0xFD62F97A,0x8A65C9EC,
           0x14015C4F,0x63066CD9,0xFA0F3D63,0x8D080DF5,0x3B6E20C8,0x4C69105E,0xD56041E4,
           0xA2677172,0x3C03E4D1,0x4B04D447,0xD20D85FD,0xA50AB56B,0x35B5A8FA,0x42B2986C,
           0xDBBBC9D6,0xACBCF940,0x32D86CE3,0x45DF5C75,0xDCD60DCF,0xABD13D59,0x26D930AC,
           0x51DE003A,0xC8D75180,0xBFD06116,0x21B4F4B5,0x56B3C423,0xCFBA9599,0xB8BDA50F,
           0x2802B89E,0x5F058808,0xC60CD9B2,0xB10BE924,0x2F6F7C87,0x58684C11,0xC1611DAB,
           0xB6662D3D,0x76DC4190,0x01DB7106,0x98D220BC,0xEFD5102A,0x71B18589,0x06B6B51F,
           0x9FBFE4A5,0xE8B8D433,0x7807C9A2,0x0F00F934,0x9609A88E,0xE10E9818,0x7F6A0DBB,
           0x086D3D2D,0x91646C97,0xE6635C01,0x6B6B51F4,0x1C6C6162,0x856530D8,0xF262004E,
           0x6C0695ED,0x1B01A57B,0x8208F4C1,0xF50FC457,0x65B0D9C6,0x12B7E950,0x8BBEB8EA,
           0xFCB9887C,0x62DD1DDF,0x15DA2D49,0x8CD37CF3,0xFBD44C65,0x4DB26158,0x3AB551CE,
           0xA3BC0074,0xD4BB30E2,0x4ADFA541,0x3DD895D7,0xA4D1C46D,0xD3D6F4FB,0x4369E96A,
           0x346ED9FC,0xAD678846,0xDA60B8D0,0x44042D73,0x33031DE5,0xAA0A4C5F,0xDD0D7CC9,
           0x5005713C,0x270241AA,0xBE0B1010,0xC90C2086,0x5768B525,0x206F85B3,0xB966D409,
           0xCE61E49F,0x5EDEF90E,0x29D9C998,0xB0D09822,0xC7D7A8B4,0x59B33D17,0x2EB40D81,
           0xB7BD5C3B,0xC0BA6CAD,0xEDB88320,0x9ABFB3B6,0x03B6E20C,0x74B1D29A,0xEAD54739,
           0x9DD277AF,0x04DB2615,0x73DC1683,0xE3630B12,0x94643B84,0x0D6D6A3E,0x7A6A5AA8,
           0xE40ECF0B,0x9309FF9D,0x0A00AE27,0x7D079EB1,0xF00F9344,0x8708A3D2,0x1E01F268,
           0x6906C2FE,0xF762575D,0x806567CB,0x196C3671,0x6E6B06E7,0xFED41B76,0x89D32BE0,
           0x10DA7A5A,0x67DD4ACC,0xF9B9DF6F,0x8EBEEFF9,0x17B7BE43,0x60B08ED5,0xD6D6A3E8,
           0xA1D1937E,0x38D8C2C4,0x4FDFF252,0xD1BB67F1,0xA6BC5767,0x3FB506DD,0x48B2364B,
           0xD80D2BDA,0xAF0A1B4C,0x36034AF6,0x41047A60,0xDF60EFC3,0xA867DF55,0x316E8EEF,
           0x4669BE79,0xCB61B38C,0xBC66831A,0x256FD2A0,0x5268E236,0xCC0C7795,0xBB0B4703,
           0x220216B9,0x5505262F,0xC5BA3BBE,0xB2BD0B28,0x2BB45A92,0x5CB36A04,0xC2D7FFA7,
           0xB5D0CF31,0x2CD99E8B,0x5BDEAE1D,0x9B64C2B0,0xEC63F226,0x756AA39C,0x026D930A,
           0x9C0906A9,0xEB0E363F,0x72076785,0x05005713,0x95BF4A82,0xE2B87A14,0x7BB12BAE,
           0x0CB61B38,0x92D28E9B,0xE5D5BE0D,0x7CDCEFB7,0x0BDBDF21,0x86D3D2D4,0xF1D4E242,
           0x68DDB3F8,0x1FDA836E,0x81BE16CD,0xF6B9265B,0x6FB077E1,0x18B74777,0x88085AE6,
           0xFF0F6A70,0x66063BCA,0x11010B5C,0x8F659EFF,0xF862AE69,0x616BFFD3,0x166CCF45,
           0xA00AE278,0xD70DD2EE,0x4E048354,0x3903B3C2,0xA7672661,0xD06016F7,0x4969474D,
           0x3E6E77DB,0xAED16A4A,0xD9D65ADC,0x40DF0B66,0x37D83BF0,0xA9BCAE53,0xDEBB9EC5,
           0x47B2CF7F,0x30B5FFE9,0xBDBDF21C,0xCABAC28A,0x53B39330,0x24B4A3A6,0xBAD03605,
           0xCDD70693,0x54DE5729,0x23D967BF,0xB3667A2E,0xC4614AB8,0x5D681B02,0x2A6F2B94,
           0xB40BBE37,0xC30C8EA1,0x5A05DF1B,0x2D02EF8D
        };

        public static uint GetCRC32(byte[] bytes)
        {
            uint iCount = (uint)bytes.Length;
            uint crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;

            for (uint i = 0; i < iCount; i++)
            {
                crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crcTable[(crc & 0xff) ^ bytes[i]];
            }

            return ~crc;
        }

        public static bool CheckBinFileCRC32(FileStream file)
        {
            long iCount = file.Length;
            uint crc = 0xFFFFFFFF;
            if (file.Length <= 4) return false;
            for (long i = 0; i < file.Length-4 ; i++)//文件末尾四位为校验位
            {
                crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crcTable[(crc & 0xff) ^ file.ReadByte()];
            }
            byte[] crc32 = new byte[4];
            file.Read(crc32, 0, 4);
            return BitConverter.ToUInt32(crc32, 0) == ~crc;
        }
    }

若采用boot底层校验，则应该crc校验位定址，如-0x803FFFC等
boot跳转app时校验CRC，伪代码如下

#include "CRC32.h" //根据c#版本改为c版本即可
uint32_t crc_nominal __attribute__((at(0x0803FFFC)));
#define ROM_START 0x08010000
#define ROM_LEN 0x02FFFC
void boot_jump_app(u32 appxaddr)
{
	crc_actual = crc32_check((void*)ROM_START,ROM_LEN);
	if (crc_actual != crc_nominal) {
	//handle ROM mismatch exception
	}
}