Spring Boot学习笔记(三)

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十、SpringSecurity

security——安全

web开发中,安全第一~过滤器,拦截器

功能性需求

做网站什么时候考虑安全?

设计之初就要进行考虑

漏洞,隐私泄露

安全框架:

  • shiro、
  • SpringSecurity、认证和授权

Spring Security是一个功能强大且高度可定制的身份验证访问控制框架。它是保护基于spring的应用程序的事实标准。

  • 功能权限
  • 访问权限
  • 菜单权限

简介

SpringSecurity是针对Spring项目的安全框架,也是SpringBoot底层安全模块默认的技术选型,他可以实现强大的web安全控制,对于安全控制,我们仅需要引入spring-boot-starter-security模块,进行少量配置,即可实现强大的安全管理

要记住几个类

  • WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter:自定义Security策略
  • AuthenticationManageerBuilder:自定义认证策略
  • @EnableWebSecurity:开启WebSecurity模式

SpringSecurity的两个主要目标是“认证”和“授权”【权限控制】。

“认证”(Authentication)

“授权”(Authorization)

10.1、导包
 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
 </dependency>
10.2、使用
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        super.configure(http);
    }
}

10.3、授权与认证
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //链式编程
    //请求授权的规则==>安全策略
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //首页所有人能够访问,功能也只有对应权限的人能够访问
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
//        http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().permitAll().and().logout();关闭登录页
        //没有权限会跳转到登录页,需要开启登录的页面
        //定制登录页
        http.formLogin().loginPage("/toLogin") //也是接收username 和 password的地址
                            .usernameParameter("user")//定制传递的参数
                            .passwordParameter("pwd");
//        开启注销功能。.logoutUrl("/").logoutSuccessUrl("/")
        http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
      
       //开启记住我功能——保存 cookie的实现,默认保存两周
        http.rememberMe();

    }
    //请求认证规则
    //密码编码:Pass
    //Spring Security5.0+中新增了许多的加密方式
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        //正常应该再数据库中取出
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
                .withUser("shiqing").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3")
                .and()
                .withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3")
                .and()
                .withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1");
//        super.configure(auth);
    }

}
10.4、thymeleaf和springsecurity整合
<dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

导入命名空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4">

版本问题会造成不能成功显示——>建议版本2.0.9

  <div class="right menu">
                <!-- 未登录时 ——显示登陆 -->
                <div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}">
                        <i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
                    </a>
                </div>

						<!--  登录了——显示 注销和人员信息-->
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}">
                        <i class="address card icon"></i> 注销
                    </a>
                </div>

                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item">
                        用户名:<span sec:authentication="name"></span>
                        角色:<span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span>
                    </a>
                </div>
     </div>

十一、Shiro

11.1、简介

什么是Shiro

  • Apache Shiro 是一个Java安全(权限)框架
  • Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用于JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环境。
  • Shiro 可以完成:认证、授权、加密、会话管理、Web集成、缓存等

官网地址:http://shiro.apache.org/

https://github.com/apache/shiro.git

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  • Authentication : 身份认证、登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
  • Authorization : 授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色,或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
  • Session Manager : 会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的avaSE环境,也可以是Web环境;
  • Cryptography : 加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
  • Web Support : Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
  • Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
  • Concurrency : Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证,即,如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传播过去
  • Testing : 提供测试支持;
  • Run As : 允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
  • Remember Me : 记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了

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11.2、导包
  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- configure logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

log4j配置log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

配置ini文件

[users]
root = secret, admin
guest = guest, guest
presidentskroob = 12345, president
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# roleName = perm1, perm2, ..., permN
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
admin = *
schwartz = lightsaber:*
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
11.3、测试
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        log.info("My First Apache Shiro Application");

        //工厂模式
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // get the currently executing user:
        //获取当前的用户对象
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        //通过当前用户拿到Session
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        //设置一个 someKey
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        //取出 someKey
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        //判断当前的用户是否被认证
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            //Token:令牌
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);//设置记住我
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);//执行登录操作
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {//未知账户
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {//密码错误
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {//用户被锁定
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:获取当前用户的认证
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        //测试角色
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //匹配权限
        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)粗粒度的
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:细粒度的
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //注销
        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

      //结束
        System.exit(0);
    }
}
11.4、实例

创建Realm对象

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("执行了==>授权 doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        return null;
    }
    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了==>认证 doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        return null;
    }
}

Shiro配置

1、创建realm对象
    //创建realm对象  需要自定义
    @Bean
   public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
   }
2、创建DefaulWebSecurityManager
    //DefaulWebSecurityManager

    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSessionManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager sessionManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //关联 UserRealm
        sessionManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return sessionManager;
    }
3、创建ShiroFilterFactoryBean工厂

添加Shiro 的内置过滤器

  • anon:无需认证即可访问
  • authc:必须认证才可访问
  • user:必 须拥有记住我功能方可使用
  • perms:拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
  • role:拥有某个角色权限才能访问

登录拦截器的实现

    //ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){

        ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //设置安全管理器
        bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);

        //添加Shiro 的内置过滤器
        /**
         * anon:无需认证即可访问
         * authc:必须认证才可访问
         * user:必须拥有记住我功能方可使用
         * perms:拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
         * role:拥有某个角色权限才能访问
         */
        LinkedHashMap<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        filterMap.put("/user/add","anon");
        filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
//        filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
        bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
        //设置登录请求,没有权限便触发
        bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");

        return bean;
    }

完全实现

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    //ShiroFilterFactoryBean
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager){

        ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        //设置安全管理器
        bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);

        //添加Shiro 的内置过滤器
        /**
         * anon:无需认证即可访问
         * authc:必须认证才可访问
         * user:必须拥有记住我功能方可使用
         * perms:拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
         * role:拥有某个角色权限才能访问
         */
        LinkedHashMap<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        filterMap.put("/user/add","anon");
        filterMap.put("/user/update","authc");
//        filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
        bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
        //设置登录请求,没有权限便触发
        bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");

        return bean;
    }
    //DefaulWebSecurityManager

    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSessionManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager sessionManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        //关联 UserRealm
        sessionManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return sessionManager;
    }
    //创建realm对象  需要自定义
    @Bean
   public UserRealm userRealm(){

        return new UserRealm();
   }
}
11.5、登录认证

获取前端信息,封装到Token中

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String username,String password,Model model){
        //获取当前用户
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //封装用户的登录数据
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);
        //登录令牌,执行登录方法,没有异常则OK
        try {
            subject.login(token);
            return "index";
        } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {//用户名不存在
            model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在");
            return "login";
        }catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){//密码错误
            model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
            return "login";
        }

    }

认证

  //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了==>认证 doGetAuthorizationInfo");

        //用户 密码
        String name = "root";
        String password = "123456";

        UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        //判断用户名是否一致
        if (!usernamePasswordToken.getUsername().equals(name)){
            return null;//抛出异常—UnknownAccountException
        }
        //密码认证,shiro做
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("",password,"");
    }
11.6、Shiro整合Mybatis
      @Autowired
    UserServiceImpl userService;
//认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了==>认证 doGetAuthorizationInfo");

        //连接真实数据库
        UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        User user = userService.queryUserByName(usernamePasswordToken.getUsername());
        if (user==null){
            return null;
        }
        //密码认证,shiro做~  密码加密 MD5加密,MD5盐值加密
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
    }
11.7、Shiro请求授权

ShiroConfig.java

        //授权==>未授权会跳转到未授权页面
        filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");
        filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");
        //设置未授权页面
        bean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");

UserRealm.java

    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("执行了==>授权 doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//        info.addStringPermission("user:add");
        //拿到当前登录的对象
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        //获得User对象
        User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();
        //设置User权限
        info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
        return info;
    }
11.8、Shiro和Thymeleaf整合
导包
  <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
 </dependency>
命名空间
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
实例
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>

<div th:if="${session.loginUser} == null">
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</div>

<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
    <a th:href="@{/user/add}">add</a>
    <br>
</div>
<hr>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
    <a th:href="@{/user/update}">update</a>
    <br>
</div>

</body>

能够登陆成功就存放一个Session,用来判断 【登录】是否需要显示

<div th:if="${session.loginUser} == null">
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</div>
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