es6解构和扩展运算符

一、数组解构
1，数组解构赋值

var arr = [1,2,3]
var [a,b,c] = arr

2,嵌套数组结构赋值

var arr = [ [a,b,[c,d]],e,f ],
var [[d, e, [f, g]], h, i] = arr;

3,函数传参解构

var arr = ['this is a string', 2, 3];

function fn1([a, b, c]) {
    console.log(a);
    console.log(b);
    console.log(c);
}

fn1(arr);
//this is a string
//2
//3

4，for循环解构

var arr = [[11, 12], [21, 22], [31, 32]];
for(let [a,b] of arr){
	console.log(a);
    console.log(b);
}
//11
//12
//21
//22
//31
//32

二、对象解构
1，对象赋值解构

var obj = {
    name: 'chris',
    sex: 'male',
    age: 26,
    son: {
        sonname: '大熊',
        sonsex: 'male',
        sonage: 1
    }
};
var {name,sex,age,son} = obj
console.log(name + ' ' + sex + ' ' + age); //chris male 26
console.log(son); // { sonname: '大熊', sonsex: 'male', sonage: 1 }

2，对象传参解构

var obj = {
    name: 'chris',
    sex: 'male',
    age: 26,
    son: {
        sonname: '大熊',
        sonsex: 'male',
        sonage: 1
    }
};
function  fn ({name,age,sex}) {
 console.log(name + ' ' + sex + ' ' + age);
}
fn(obj)

3，变量名与对象属性名不一致解构

var obj = {
    name: 'chris',
    sex: 'male',
    age: 26
};
var  {name:nickname,age: howold} = obj
console.log(nickname + ' ' + howold); //chris 26

4,嵌套对象解构

var obj = {
    name: 'chris',
    sex: 'male',
    age: 26,
    son: {
        sonname: '大熊',
        sonsex: 'male',
        sonage: 1
    }
};
var {name, sex, age, son: {sonname, sonsex, sonage}} = obj;
console.log(sonname + ' ' + sonsex + ' ' + sonage);
//大熊 male 1

4，嵌套对象属性重名，解构时需要更改变量名

var obj = {
    name: 'chris',
    sex: 'male',
    age: 26,
    son: {
        name: '大熊',
        sex: 'male',
        age: 1
    }
};
//赋值解构
var {name: fathername, son: {name, sex, age}} = obj;
console.log(fathername); //chris
console.log(name); //大熊

//传参解构
function fn3({sex, age, name, son: {name: sonname}}) {
    console.log(name + ' ' + sex + ' ' + age + ' ' + sonname);
}

fn3(obj);
//chris male 26 大熊

5，循环解构对象

var arr = [{name: 'chris', age: 26}, {name: 'jack',    age: 27}, {name: 'peter',age: 28}];

for (let {age, name} of arr) {
    console.log(name + ' ' + age);
}
//chris 26
//jack 27
//peter 28

三、解构特殊运用场景

//变量互换
var x = 1,
    y = 2;
var [x, y] = [y, x];
console.log(x); //2
console.log(y); //1

//字符串解构
var str = 'love';
var [a, b, c, d] = str;
console.log(a);//l
console.log(b);//o
console.log(c);//v
console.log(d);//e

四、扩展运算符
扩展运算符用三个点号表示，功能是把数组或类数组对象展开成一系列用逗号隔开的值

var foo = function(a, b, c) {
    console.log(a);
    console.log(b);
    console.log(c);
}
var arr = [1,2,3]
foo(...arr)
//1
//2
//3

特殊运用场景

/数组深拷贝
var arr2 = arr;
var arr3 = [...arr];
console.log(arr===arr2); //true, 说明arr和arr2指向同一个数组
console.log(arr===arr3); //false, 说明arr3和arr指向不同数组
//把一个数组插入另一个数组字面量
var arr4 = [...arr,4,5,6]
console.log(arr4);//[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
//字符串转数组
var str = 'love';
var arr5 = [...str];
console.log(arr5);//[ 'l', 'o', 'v', 'e' ]