参考文章:
https://blog.csdn.net/lianxiaopang/article/details/78492829
https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoerjun/p/9837029.html
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43868754/article/details/104800827
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32430761/article/details/106013646
https://www.jb51.net/article/155931.htm
目标:
- python版本:3.8.7
- 下载目录:/root/software/Python3
- 安装目录:/root/software/Python3/setup
- 虚拟环境名:python3
- 目标目录结构:
细节:为了时环境变量持久化,配置信息务必写在:~/.bashrc(对当前用户生效);/etc/.bashrc(针对所有用户生效)
一. 安装与环境变量配置
- 关联库安装
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
- 创建目录和下载安装包
mkdir -p "安装目录"
cd "下载目录"
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.7/Python-3.8.7.tgz
- 解压,编译,安装
tar -zxvf Python-3.8.7.tgz # 解压
cd Python-3.8.7 # 进入解压后的目录
./configure --prefix="安装目录"
make & make install
安装成功会有如下输出:
- 配置环境变量python3和pip3
vi ~/.bashrc
#添加该语句
alias python3="安装目录"/bin/python3.8
alias pip3="安装目录"/bin/pip3.8
source ~/.bashrc
- 测试配置是否成功
python3 -V
pip3 -V
二. 创建python3的虚拟环境
- 安装virtualenv、virtualenvwrapper(建议使用豆瓣源加速安装!!!)
pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple virtualenv
pip3 install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple virtualenvwrapper
- 进入~/.bashrc文件中,定义virtualenvwrapper路径(易错!!!)
mkdir -p "下载目录/envs"
vi ~/.bashrc
export WORKON_HOME="下载目录/envs"
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON="安装目录"/bin/python3
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV="安装目录"/bin/virtualenv
source "安装目录"/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
- 运行.bashrc文件
source ~/.bashrc
- 创建虚拟环境,创建成功自动进入虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv python3
- 退出当前虚拟环境
deactivate
- 启动虚拟环境
# 可查看所有安装好的虚拟环境
workon
# workon + 虚拟环境名即可进入对应环境
workon python3
三. 工程根目录配置与模块导入
详情请见:Linux中Python模块导入