Linux网络编程(libevent)

解决安装libevent找不到动态库

在这里插入图片描述

获取libevent支持的方法和当前系统使用的方法

event.c

//获取libevent支持的方法和当前系统使用的方法
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <event2/event.h>

int main()
{
	//获取当前系统支持的方法有哪些
	//const char **event_get_supported_methods(void);
	const char **p = event_get_supported_methods();
	int i = 0;
	while(p[i]!=NULL)
	{
		printf("[%s]  ", p[i++]);
	}
	printf("\n");
	
	//创建event_base结构体
	struct event_base *base = event_base_new();
	if(base==NULL)
	{
		printf("event_base_new error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//const char * event_base_get_method(const struct event_base *base);
	printf("[%s]\n", event_base_get_method(base));
	
	//释放event_base节点
	event_base_free(base);
	
	return 0;
}

libevent开发流程

在这里插入图片描述

编写一个基于event实现的tcp服务器

  1. 创建socket—socket()
  2. 设置端口复用—setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int))
  3. 绑定–bind()
  4. 设置监听–listen()
  5. 创建地基
    struct event_base *base = event_base_new()
  6. 创建lfd对应的事件
    struct event *ev = event_new(base, lfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, conncb, base);
  7. 上event_base地基
    event_add(ev, NULL);
  8. 进入事件循环
    event_base_dispatch(base);
  9. 释放资源
    event_base_free(base);
    event_free(ev);

libevent服务端实现核心思路

typedef void (*event_callback_fn)(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg);
//监听文件描述符对应的事件回调函数
void conncb(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
{
	struct event_base *base = (struct event_base *)arg;
	//接受新的连接
	int cfd = accept(fd, NULL, NULL);
	if(cfd>0)
	{
		//创建一个新的事件
		struct event *ev = event_new(base, cfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, readcb, NULL);
		event_add(ev, NULL);
	}
}

//读客户端数据对应的回调函数
void readcb(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
{	
	//读数据
	n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	if(n<=0)
	{
		//从base地基上删除该事件
		close(fd);
		event_del(ev);
		event_free(ev);
	}
	//发送数据给对方
	write(fd, buf, n);
}

libevent服务端代码实现

//编写libevent服务端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <event2/event.h>

struct event *connev = NULL;

//typedef void (*event_callback_fn)(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg);
void readcb(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
{
	int n;
	char buf[1024];
	memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
	n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	if(n<=0)
	{
		close(fd);
		//将通信文件描述符对应的事件从base地基上删除
		event_del(connev);
	}
	else
	{
		write(fd, buf, n);
	}
}

void conncb(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
{
	struct event_base *base = (struct event_base *)arg;

	//接受新的客户端连接
	int cfd = accept(fd, NULL, NULL);
	if(cfd>0)
	{
		//创建通信文件描述符对应的事件并设置回调函数为readcb
		connev = event_new(base, cfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, readcb, NULL);
		if(connev==NULL)
		{
			//退出循环
			event_base_loopexit(base, NULL);
		}
		
		//将通信文件描述符对应的事件上event_base地基
		event_add(connev, NULL);	
	}	
}

int main()
{
	//创建socket
	int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

	//设置端口复用
	int opt = 1;
	setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));

	//绑定
	struct sockaddr_in serv;
	bzero(&serv, sizeof(serv));
	serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	serv.sin_port = htons(8888);
	serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
	bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv, sizeof(serv));

	//监听
	listen(lfd, 120);

	//创建地基
	struct event_base *base = event_base_new();
	if(base==NULL)
	{
		printf("event_base_new error\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//创建监听文件描述符对应的事件
	//struct event *event_new(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, event_callback_fn cb, void *arg);
	struct event *ev = event_new(base, lfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, conncb, base);
	if(ev==NULL)
	{
		printf("event_new error\n");
		return -1;
	}

	//将新的事件节点上base地基
	event_add(ev, NULL);

	//进入事件循环等待
	event_base_dispatch(base);

	//释放资源
	event_base_free(base);
	event_free(ev);

	close(lfd);
	return 0;
}

需改进:将文件描述符和事件封装为结构体(否则connev指针保存的永远是最后一个)

//编写libevent服务端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <event2/event.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define MAX 1000

struct event_fd
{
		evutil_socket_t fd;
		struct event *ev;
}event[MAX];

void init_ev_fd()
{
		int i = 0;
		for(i = 0; i < MAX; ++i)
		{
				event[i].fd = -1;
				event[i].ev = NULL;
		}
}

void setEventFd(evutil_socket_t fd, struct event *ev)
{
		int i = 0;
		//查找存放的位置
		for(i = 0; i < MAX; ++i)
		{
				if(event[i].fd == -1)
				{
						break;
				}
		}
		//若找不到合适的位置,直接退出进程
		if(i == MAX)
		{
				exit(1);
		}

		event[i].fd = fd;
		event[i].ev = ev;
}

int findEv(int fd)
{
		int i = 0;
		for(i = 0; i < MAX; ++i)
		{
				if(event[i].fd == fd)
				{
						break;
				}
		}
		if(i == MAX)
		{
				printf("not find fd\n");
				exit(1);
		}
		return i;
}


//typedef void (*event_callback_fn)(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg);
void readcb(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
{
		int n;
		char buf[1024];
		memset(buf, 0x00, sizeof(buf));
		int num = findEv(fd);
		n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
		if(n < 0)
		{
				perror("read error");
				close(fd);
				//将通信文件描述符对应的事件从base地基上删除
				event_del(event[num].ev);
				event[num].fd = -1;
				event[num].ev = NULL;
		}
		else if(n == 0)
		{
				printf("client close\n");
				close(fd);
				event_del(event[num].ev);
				printf("[%p], [%d]\n", event[num].ev, num);
				event[num].fd = -1;
				event[num].ev = NULL;
		}
		else
		{
				int i = 0;
				for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
				{
					buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
				}
				write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
		}
}

void conncb(evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void *arg)
{
		struct event_base *base = (struct event_base *)arg;

		//接受新的客户端连接
		struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
		socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

		int cfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, &addrlen);

		if(cfd < 0)
		{
				perror("accept error");
				exit(1);
		}

		//打印客户端IP和PORT
		char sIP[128];
		memset(sIP, 0x00, sizeof(sIP));
		printf("received from %s at port %d\n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, sIP, sizeof(sIP)), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));

		//创建通信文件描述符对应的事件并设置回调函数为readcb
		struct event *readev = event_new(base, cfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, readcb, base);
		
		event_add(readev, NULL);
		setEventFd(cfd, readev);
}

int main()
{
		//创建socket
		int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

		//设置端口复用
		int opt = 1;
		setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));

		//绑定
		struct sockaddr_in serv;
		bzero(&serv, sizeof(serv));
		serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
		serv.sin_port = htons(8888);
		serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
		bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv, sizeof(serv));

		//监听
		listen(lfd, 120);

		//创建地基
		struct event_base *base = event_base_new();
		if(base==NULL)
		{
				printf("event_base_new error\n");
				return -1;
		}

		//创建监听文件描述符对应的事件
		//struct event *event_new(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, event_callback_fn cb, void *arg);
		struct event *ev = event_new(base, lfd, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, conncb, base);
		if(ev==NULL)
		{
				printf("event_new error\n");
				return -1;
		}

		//将新的事件节点上base地基
		event_add(ev, NULL);

		//进入事件循环等待
		event_base_dispatch(base);

		//释放资源
		event_base_free(base);
		event_free(ev);

		close(lfd);
		return 0;
}

bufferevent

bufferevent的读事件回调触发时机:
  当数据由内核的读缓冲区到bufferevent的读缓冲区的时候, 会触发bufferevent的读事件回调.
  需要注意的是: 数据由内核到bufferevent的过程不是用户程序执行的, 而是是由bufferevent内部操作的.

bufferevent的写事件回调触发时机:
  当用户程序将数据写到bufferevent的写缓冲区之后, bufferevent会自动将数据写到内核的写缓冲区,最终有内核程序将数据发送出去.

事件回调:
  当bufferevent绑定的socket连接, 断开或者异常的时候触发事件回调.

链接监听器

在这里插入图片描述

bufferevent服务端代码

hello-world.c

/*
  This exmple program provides a trivial server program that listens for TCP
  connections on port 9995.  When they arrive, it writes a short message to
  each client connection, and closes each connection once it is flushed.

  Where possible, it exits cleanly in response to a SIGINT (ctrl-c).
*/


#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#ifndef WIN32
#include <netinet/in.h>
# ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
#  include <arpa/inet.h>
# endif
#include <sys/socket.h>
#endif

#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>
#include <event2/util.h>
#include <event2/event.h>

static const char MESSAGE[] = "Hello, World!\n";

static const int PORT = 9995;

static void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *, evutil_socket_t,
    struct sockaddr *, int socklen, void *);
static void conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *, void *);
static void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *, short, void *);
static void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t, short, void *);

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct event_base *base;    //定义了指向地基节点的指针
	struct evconnlistener *listener;  //定义了链接监听器的指针
	struct event *signal_event;  //定义了信号事件指针

	struct sockaddr_in sin;
#ifdef WIN32
	WSADATA wsa_data;
	WSAStartup(0x0201, &wsa_data);
#endif

	//创建地基节点--相当于epoll的树根
	base = event_base_new();
	if (!base) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize libevent!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
	sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);

	//创建链接监听器--socket bind  listen  accept
	//listener_cb--回调函数
	//LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE: 端口复用|释放连接监听器的时候关闭文件描述符
	listener = evconnlistener_new_bind(base, listener_cb, (void *)base,
	    LEV_OPT_REUSEABLE|LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, -1,
	    (struct sockaddr*)&sin,
	    sizeof(sin));

	if (!listener) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not create a listener!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	//#define evsignal_new(b, x, cb, arg)				\
	//event_new((b), (x), EV_SIGNAL|EV_PERSIST, (cb), (arg))
	signal_event = evsignal_new(base, SIGINT, signal_cb, (void *)base);

	if (!signal_event || event_add(signal_event, NULL)<0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not create/add a signal event!\n");
		return 1;
	}

	//进入事件循环---相当于while(1)
	event_base_dispatch(base);

	//释放连接监听器
	evconnlistener_free(listener);
	//释放信号事件节点
	event_free(signal_event);
	//释放地基节点
	event_base_free(base);

	printf("done\n");
	return 0;
}

//listener: 链接监听器指针
//fd: 通信文件描述符
//sa和socklen: 客户端地址信息和长度
//user_data: 具体是地基节点指针
static void
listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
    struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data)
{
	printf("--call--%s--\n", __FUNCTION__);

	struct event_base *base = user_data;
	struct bufferevent *bev;//指向bufferevent的指针

	//创建bufferevent
	//BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE: 当释放bufferevent的时候关闭连接
	bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
	if (!bev) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!");
		event_base_loopbreak(base);
		return;
	}
	//设置回调函数---写事件和异常事件回调函数
	bufferevent_setcb(bev, NULL, conn_writecb, conn_eventcb, NULL);
	//使写事件回调生效
	bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_WRITE);
	//使读事件回调失效
	bufferevent_disable(bev, EV_READ);

	//将数据写到bufferevent的写缓冲区
	bufferevent_write(bev, MESSAGE, strlen(MESSAGE));
}

static void
conn_writecb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data)
{
	printf("--call--%s--\n", __FUNCTION__);

	//获取bufferevent的写缓冲区的指针
	struct evbuffer *output = bufferevent_get_output(bev);
	//查看缓冲区还有没有数据
	if (evbuffer_get_length(output) == 0) {
		printf("flushed answer\n");
		//释放bufferevent,关闭通信文件 描述符
		bufferevent_free(bev);
	}
}

static void
conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data)
{
	printf("--call--%s--\n", __FUNCTION__);

	if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF) {
		printf("Connection closed.\n");
	} else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR) {
		printf("Got an error on the connection: %s\n",
		    strerror(errno));/*XXX win32*/
	}
	/* None of the other events can happen here, since we haven't enabled
	 * timeouts */
	bufferevent_free(bev);
}

static void
signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data)
{
	printf("--call--%s--\n", __FUNCTION__);

	struct event_base *base = user_data;
	struct timeval delay = { 2, 0 };

	printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in two seconds.\n");

	//事件回调函数执行完后, 再过2秒, 跳出循环, 程序结束
	event_base_loopexit(base, &delay);
}

在这里插入图片描述

bufferevent客户端代码

bufferevent_client.c

//bufferevent建立客户端的过程
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <event.h>
#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/util.h>

int tcp_connect_server(const char* server_ip, int port);
void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg);
void server_msg_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg);
void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    if( argc < 3 )
    {
        //两个参数依次是服务器端的IP地址、端口号
        printf("please input 2 parameter\n");
        return -1;
    }
    //创建根节点
    struct event_base *base = event_base_new();
    //创建并且初始化buffer缓冲区
    struct bufferevent* bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, -1,
                                                     BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);

    //监听终端输入事件 设置标准输入的监控,设置回调是 cmd_msg_cb 
    struct event* ev_cmd = event_new(base, STDIN_FILENO,
                                     EV_READ | EV_PERSIST,
                                     cmd_msg_cb, (void*)bev);
    //上树 开始监听标准输入的读事件
    event_add(ev_cmd, NULL);
    
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr) );
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
    //将ip地址转换为网络字节序
    inet_aton(argv[1], &server_addr.sin_addr);

    //连接到 服务器ip地址和端口 初始化了 socket文件描述符 socket+connect 
    bufferevent_socket_connect(bev, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,
                               sizeof(server_addr));
    //设置buffer的回调函数 主要设置了读回调 server_msg_cb ,传入参数是标准输入的读事件
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, server_msg_cb, NULL, event_cb, (void*)ev_cmd);
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_PERSIST);

    event_base_dispatch(base);//循环等待
    event_free(ev_cmd);
    bufferevent_free(bev);
    event_base_free(base);
    printf("finished \n");
    return 0;
}
//终端输入回调
void cmd_msg_cb(int fd, short events, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    int ret = read(fd, msg, sizeof(msg));
    if( ret < 0 )
    {
        perror("read fail ");
        exit(1);
    }
    //得到bufferevent指针,目的是为了写到bufferevent的写缓冲区
    struct bufferevent* bev = (struct bufferevent*)arg;

    //把终端的消息发送给服务器端
    bufferevent_write(bev, msg, ret);
}

void server_msg_cb(struct bufferevent* bev, void* arg)
{
    char msg[1024];

    size_t len = bufferevent_read(bev, msg, sizeof(msg));
    msg[len] = '\0';

    printf("recv %s from server\n", msg);
}

void event_cb(struct bufferevent *bev, short event, void *arg)
{

    if (event & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
        printf("connection closed\n");
    else if (event & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
        printf("some other error\n");
    else if( event & BEV_EVENT_CONNECTED)
    {
        printf("the client has connected to server\n");
        return ;
    }

    //这将自动close套接字和free读写缓冲区
    bufferevent_free(bev);
    //释放event事件 监控读终端
    struct event *ev = (struct event*)arg;
    event_free(ev);
}
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