Leetcode 60. Permutation Sequence

Leetcode 60. Permutation Sequence
Why Do We Need Factorial Number System

Usually standard decimal or binary positional system could meet our needs. For example, each subset could be described by a number in binary representation.

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class Solution {
  public String getPermutation(int n, int k) {
    int[] factorials = new int[n];
    List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList() {{add(1);}};

    factorials[0] = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
      // generate factorial system bases 0!, 1!, ..., (n - 1)!
      factorials[i] = factorials[i - 1] * i;
      // generate nums 1, 2, ..., n
      nums.add(i + 1);
    }

    // fit k in the interval 0 ... (n! - 1)
    --k;

    // compute factorial representation of k
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = n - 1; i > -1; --i) {
      int idx = k / factorials[i];
      k -= idx * factorials[i];

      sb.append(nums.get(idx));
      nums.remove(idx);
    }
    return sb.toString();
  }
}