创建项目
// 最好将vue脚手架工具升级到最新的cli 4.x,在cli3.x的上执行vue add vue-next会报错。
npm install -g @vue/cli
vue create 项目名
cd 项目名
vue add vue-next // 重点 执行这行,会把2.0代码改为3.0的, vue-router, vuex会变成4.0的
npm run serve
main.js文件的变化
// vue3.0
import { createApp } from "vue";
import App from "./App.vue";
import router from "./router";
import store from "./store";
createApp(App)
.use(router)
.use(store)
.mount("#app");
// vue2.0
import Vue from "vue"
import App from "./App.vue"
import router from "./router"
import store from "./store"
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
new Vue({
router,
store,
render: h => h(App)
}).$mount("#app");
几个属性及常用的方法,将2.0和3.0进行一些对比
- Data
// vue2.0
export default {
name: 'login',
data() {
return {
userName: "",
passWord: "",
}
},
mounted() {},
methods: {}
}
// vue3.0
import {reactive} from 'vue'
export default {
setup(props, context) {
// 创建数据,与2.x里data()相同
// context.attrs
// context.slots
// context.refs
// context.emit
// context.parent
// context.root
const state = reactive({
userName: "",
passWord: "",
})
return {
...toRefs(state), // 把一个响应式对象转换成普通对象
}
}
}
注:在新版当中setup等效于之前2.0版本当中的beforeCreate,和created,它是在组件初始化的时候执行,甚至是比created更早执行。值得注意的是,在3.0当中如果你要想使用setup里的数据,你需要将用到值return出来,返回出来的值在模板当中都是可以使用的。
- Method
<div class="login-form">
<div class="from-item">
<label for="用户名" class="label">用户名:</label>
<input placeholder="请输入用户名!" type="text" v-model="userName"/>
</div>
<div class="from-item">
<label for="密码" class="label">密 码:</label>
<input placeholder="请输入密码!" type="password" v-model="passWord"/>
</div>
<div class="from-btn-group">
<button class="btn-style" @click="submit">登录</button>
</div>
</div>
import {reactive} from 'vue'
export default {
setup(props, context) {
// 创建数据,与2.x里data()相同
const state = reactive({
userName: "",
passWord: "",
})
const submit = async () => {
const { userName, passWord } = state
console.log(userName, passWord )
}
return {
...toRefs(state), // 把一个响应式对象转换成普通对象
submit,
}
}
}
- 生命周期
选项 API 生命周期选项和组合式 API 之间的映射
- beforeCreate -> use setup()
- created -> use setup()
- beforeMount -> onBeforeMount
- mounted -> onMounted
- beforeUpdate -> onBeforeUpdate
- updated -> onUpdated
- beforeUnmount -> onBeforeUnmount
- unmounted -> onUnmounted
- errorCaptured -> onErrorCaptured
- renderTracked -> onRenderTracked
- renderTriggered -> onRenderTriggered
import {reactive, ref, onMounted} from 'vue'
export default {
setup(props, context) {
// 创建数据,与2.x里data()相同
const state = reactive({
userName: "",
passWord: "",
})
const submit = async () => {
const { userName, passWord } = state
console.log(userName, passWord )
}
onMounted(()=>{
console.log('登录表单')
})
return {
...toRefs(state), // 把一个响应式对象转换成普通对象
submit,
}
}
}
- computed
import {reactive, ref, onMounted,computed} from 'vue'
export default {
setup(props, context) {
const count=ref(0)
const increamt=()=>{
count.value++
}
const computeCount=computed(()=>count.value*10)// 使用computed记得需要引入
return {
count,
computeCount,
increamt,
}
}
}
组件使用方法
// vue 2.0
// 父组件
<template>
<div id="app">
<HelloWorld msg="Welcome to Your Vue.js App" @childclick="parentClick"/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld.vue'
export default {
name: 'App',
components: {
HelloWorld
},
methods:{
parentClick(e){
console.log(e)// '123'
}
}
}
</script>
// 子组件
<template>
<div class="hello">
<h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'HelloWorld',
props: {
msg: String
},
data(){
return{
}
},
method:{
handleClick(){
this.$emit('childclick','123')
}
}
}
</script>
// vue 3.0
// 父组件
<template>
<div class="hello">
<div>123</div>
<HelloWorld :name="name" @childClick="parentClick"/>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import {reactive} from 'vue'
import HelloWorld from './components/HelloWorld.vue'
export default {
components:{
HelloWorld
},
setup(){
const name=ref('vue3')
const parentClick=(e)=>{
console.log(e)
console.log('123')
}
return {name,parentClick}
}
}
</script>
// 子组件
<template>
<div>
<button @click="handleClick">{{props.name}}</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props:{
name:String
}
setup(props,{emit} ){
const handleClick=()=>{
console.log(props)//proxy{name:'vue3'}
emit('childClick','hello')
}
return {
props,
handleClick
}
}
}
</script>
setup为我们提供了props以及context这两个属性,而在context中又包含了emit等事件。在3.0当中已经不在使用this关键词当你在setup()里打印this关键词,会发现输出为undefined,所以不能用this.$emit的方法来向外触发子组件事件。
组合式api
vue官网