Spring Boot和Spring Cloud

Spring Cloud

Spring Cloud是一个分布式的整体解决方案。Spring Cloud 为开发者提供了在分布式系统（配置管理，服务发现，熔断，路由，微代理，控制总线，一次性token，全局琐，leader选举，分布式session，集群状态）中快速构建的工具，使用Spring Cloud的开发者可以快速的启动服务或构建应用、同时能够快速和云平台资源进行对接。

SpringCloud分布式开发五大常用组件
服务发现——Netflix Eureka
客服端负载均衡——Netflix Ribbon
断路器——Netflix Hystrix
服务网关——Netflix Zuul
分布式配置——Spring Cloud Config

微服务

Martin Fowler 微服务原文 https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html

Spring Cloud 入门

创建provider

pom

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

service

package com.matthew.providerticket.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Matthew
 * @Date 2019/6/23 15:32
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Service
public class TicketService {
    public String getTicket(){
        System.out.println("8002");
        return "<厉害了，我的国>";
    }
}

controller

package com.matthew.providerticket.controller;

import com.matthew.providerticket.service.TicketService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Matthew
 * @Date 2019/6/23 15:33
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RestController
public class TicketController {

    @Autowired
    TicketService ticketService;

    @GetMapping("/ticket")
    public String getTicket() {
        return ticketService.getTicket();
    }
}

yml

server:
  port: 8002

spring:
  application:
    name: provider-ticket

eureka:
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #注册服务的时候使用服务的ip地址

打包

将端口号分别设置为8001和8002将服务端打包，待会同时启动

创建consumer

客户端启动类、Ribbon进行客户端负载均衡

package com.matthew.consumeruser;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient//开启发现服务功能
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerUserApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerUserApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced//使用负载均衡机制
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

package com.matthew.consumeruser.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @Description TODO
 * @Author Matthew
 * @Date 2019/6/23 15:46
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/buy")
    public String buyTicket(String name){
        String forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://PROVIDER-TICKET/ticket", String.class);

        return name + "购买了" + forObject;
    }
}

yml

spring:
  application:
    name: consumer-name

server:
  port: 8200

eureka:
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #注册服务的时候使用服务的ip地址

引入Spring Cloud、Eureka注册中心

pom

<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

yml

server:
  port: 8761

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: eureka-server # eureka实例的主机名

  client:
    register-with-eureka: false #不把自己注册到eureka上
    fetch-registry: false #不从eureka上来获取服务的注册信息
#    service-url:
#      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/