JS： indexOf() includes() new Set()

indexOf

stringObject.indexOf(searchvalue,fromindex)

该方法将从字符串的 fromindex 处或字符串的开头（没有指定 fromindex 时）检索字符串 stringObject，看它是否含有子串 searchvalue。如果找到一个 searchvalue，则返回 searchvalue 的第一次出现的位置。stringObject 中的字符位置是从 0 开始的。

<script>
    var  str="We are friends";
    console.log(str.indexOf("are"));
    console.log(str.indexOf("we"));
    console.log(str.indexOf("friends",7));
    console.log(str.indexOf("friends",8)); 
</script>

includes

arr.includes(searchElement)
arr.includes(searchElement, fromIndex)

该方法用来判断一个数组是否包含一个指定的值，如果是返回 true，否则false。

<script>
    var num = [1,2,3,4];
    console.log(num.includes(2));
    console.log(num.includes(5));
    console.log(num.includes(1,5)); //若fromIndex大于数组长度，则返回false,数组不会被搜索
    console.log(num.includes(3,-100)); //若fromIndex的值为负数， computed index = 数组长度+(-100),若计算出的索引小于0，则整个数组都会被搜索
    console.log(num.includes(1,-2)); // computed index = 4+(-2)=2
</script>

new Set

1. 数组去重

<script>
    var num1 = [1,2,1,4,3,4,2,3];
    var mySet = new Set(num1);
    console.log(mySet);
</script>

2. 并集

<script>
    var a = new Set([1,2,3]);
    var b = new Set([2,3,4]);
    var union = new Set([...a,...b]);
    console.log(union);
</script>

3. 交集

<script>
    var a = new Set([1,2,3]);
    var b = new Set([2,3,4]);
    var intersect = new Set([...a].filter(x => b.has(x)));
    console.log(intersect);
</script>

4. 差集

<script>
    var a = new Set([1,2,3]);
    var b = new Set([2,3,4]);
    var difference1 = new Set([...a].filter(x => !b.has(x)));
    var difference2 = new Set([...b].filter(x => !a.has(x)));
    console.log(difference1);
    console.log(difference2);
</script>