【Linux第22章高级篇】定制自己的Linux系统

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 23:03:32 发布

开五档的蒙奇

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 23:03:32 发布

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分类专栏： linux 文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43916081/article/details/133809961

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22.1 基本介绍

22.2 基本原理

22.3 制作min linux思路分析

22.4 操作步骤

1. 首先，我们在现有的linux添加一块大小为20G的硬盘

点击完成，就OK了，可以使用 lsblk 查看，需要重启

2. 添加完成后，点击确定，然后启动现有的linux(centos7.6)。通过fdisk来给我们的/dev/sdb进行分区

 1 [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
 2 Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
 3 Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4fde4cd0.
 4 Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
 5 After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
 6 
 7  
 8 Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
 9 
10  
11 WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
12 switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
13 sectors (command 'u').
14 
15 
16 Command (m for help): n
17 Command action
18 e extended
19 p primary partition (1-4)
20 p
21 Partition number (1-4): 1
22 First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
23 Using default value 1
24 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +500M
25 
26 
27 Command (m for help): n
28 Command action
29 e extended
30 p primary partition (1-4)
31 p
32 Partition number (1-4): 2
33 First cylinder (15-2610, default 15):
34 Using default value 15
35 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (15-2610, default 2610):
36 Using default value 2610
37 #查看分区
38 Command (m for help): p
39 
40  
41 Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
42 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
43 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
44 Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
45 I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
46 Disk identifier: 0x4fde4cd0
47 
48  
49 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
50 /dev/sdb1 1 14 112423+ 83 Linux
51 /dev/sdb2 15 2610 20852370 83 Linux
52 #保存并退出
53 Command (m for help): w
54 The partition table has been altered!

3. 接下来，我们对/dev/sdb的分区进行格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2

4. 创建目录，并挂载新的磁盘

#mkdir -p /mnt/boot /mnt/sysroot

#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot

#mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysroot/

5. 安装grub, 内核文件拷贝至目标磁盘

#grub2-install --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdb

#我们可以来看一下二进制确认我们是否安装成功

#hexdump -C -n 512 /dev/sdb

#cp -rf /boot/* /mnt/boot/

6. 修改 grub2/grub.cfg 文件, 标红的部分是需要使用指令来查看的

在grub.cfg文件中 , 红色部分用上面 sdb1 的 UUID替换，蓝色部分用 sdb2的UUID来替换, 紫色部分是添加的，表示selinux给关掉，同时设定一下init，告诉内核不要再去找这个程序了，不然开机的时候会出现错误的

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64-advanced-2eef594e-68fc-49a0-8b23-07cf87dda424' {

       load_video

       set gfxpayload=keep

       insmod gzio

       insmod part_msdos

       insmod ext2

       set root='hd0,msdos1'

       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then

       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' 6ba72e9a-19ec-4552-ae54-e35e735142d4

       else

       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6ba72e9a-19ec-4552-ae54-e35e735142d4

       fi

       linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=d2e0ce0f-e209-472a-a4f1-4085f777d9bb ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 selinux=0 init=/bin/bash

       initrd16 /initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img

}

menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-5bd4fb8d8e9d4198983fc1344f652b5d) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-5bd4fb8d8e9d4198983fc1344f652b5d-advanced-2eef594e-68fc-49a0-8b23-07cf87dda424' {

       load_video

       insmod gzio

       insmod part_msdos

       insmod ext2

       set root='hd0,msdos1'

       if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then

       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 --hint='hd0,msdos1' 6ba72e9a-19ec-4552-ae54-e35e735142d4

       else

       search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6ba72e9a-19ec-4552-ae54-e35e735142d4

       fi

       linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-5bd4fb8d8e9d4198983fc1344f652b5d root=UUID=d2e0ce0f-e209-472a-a4f1-4085f777d9bb ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet selinux=0 init=/bin/bash

       initrd16 /initramfs-0-rescue-5bd4fb8d8e9d4198983fc1344f652b5d.img

}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###