利用XMLHttpRequest做个ajax请求

看了网上js,ajax,jq不同或是区别，吵得不可开交。有那个闲工夫看看web技术，尤其是web api（（js作为工具，有好多功能调用的webapi）），它不香吗？？

个人认为ajax,是一个新概念，就跟印刷术（js）和活字印刷术(ajax)，本质还是js（小样儿，穿个马甲还认识你），最主要得作用也是最常用的是“异步”（就是不用整个页面都刷新，局部改变）。

下面封了个方法

var _Util = {};

//ajax请求
_Util.ajax = function (req) {
    req = {
        method: req.method || "POST",
        url: req.url || "",
        param: req.param || "",
        upload: req.upload || false,
        timeout: req.timeout || 20000,
        success: req.success || function () { },
        error: req.error || function () { },
        complete: req.complete || function () { },
        overtime: req.overtime || function () { },
        async: req.async || true
    };

    var xhr = (function () {
        if(typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined'){
            return new XMLHttpRequest();
        } else if (typeof ActiveXObject !== 'undefined') {
            if(typeof arguments.callee.activeXString != 'string')
            {
           		//不懂这三个得，自己去查
                var versions = ['MSXML2.XMLHTTP.6.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHTTP'];
                for (var i = 0, len = versions.length; i < len; i++) {
                    try {
                        new ActiveXObject(versions[i]);
                        arguments.callee.activeXString = versions[i];
                        break;
                    } catch (ex) {
                    }
                }
            }
            return new ActiveXObject(arguments.callee.activeXString);
        } else {
            throw new Error('No XHR object available');
        }
    }());
    //请求路径
    req.url = req.url + (req.url.indexOf('?') == -1 ? '?' : '');
    //参数，一个json,{key:val, key1:val1, ......}
    req.param = (function (p) {
        if(req.upload){
            var fd = new FormData();
            for (var o in p)
                p.hasOwnProperty(o) && fd.append(p[0]);
            return fd;
        }else{
            var arr = [];
            for (var o in p)
                arr.push(encodeURIComponent(o) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(p[o]));
            return arr.join('&');
        }
    })(req.param);

    //方法
    if (req.param !== '' && req.method.toUpperCase() === 'GET') {
        req.url += req.param;
    }

    //异步，回调方法的定义
    if(req.async){
        xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
            if ((xhr.readyState == 4 || xhr.readyState == 'complete') && !requestDone) {
                callback();
            }
        }
    }

    //发送请求
    xhr.open(req.method, req.url, req.async);
    var requestDone = false;
    var timeid = setTimeout(function () {
        requestDone = true;
        req.overtime();
    }, req.timeout);

    //post补上参数
    if (req.method.toUpperCase() === 'POST') {
        if (!req.upload)
            xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
        //不理解这一步的，可以下下面formdata的案例，地址：https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/FormData/Using_FormData_Objects
        xhr.send(req.param);
    } else {
        xhr.send(null);
    }
    //回调
    function callback() {
        if (timeid != 0) {
            window.clearTimeout(timeid);
            timeid = 0;
        }
        if (xhr.status == 200) {
            req.success(xhr.responseText);
        } else{
            req.error(xhr.status, xhr.statusText);
        }
        req.complete();
        xhr = null;
    }
}