CentOS7 手动将硬盘分配至根目录

实际操作如下：

[root@0003 ~]# df -h  （查看当前磁盘使用情况）
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   44G   19G   26G  43% /
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G  9.9M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1               1014M  209M  806M  21% /boot
/dev/loop1                11G   11G     0 100% /mnt
tmpfs                    1.6G   12K  1.6G   1% /run/user/985
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
[root@0003 ~]#  
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# yum -y install parted  （安装parted）
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
Centos7.6                                                                                                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): Centos7.6/group_gz                                                                                                                                  | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): Centos7.6/primary_db                                                                                                                                | 6.0 MB  00:00:00     
Package parted-3.1-29.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# lsblk （查看磁盘设备）
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda             252:0    0   50G  0 disk 
├─vda1          252:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─vda2          252:2    0   49G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   44G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb             252:16   0  200G  0 disk 
loop0             7:0    0  4.3G  0 loop /mnt
loop1             7:1    0   10G  0 loop /mnt
[root@0003 ~]#                                                            
[root@0003 ~]# parted /dev/vdb （给新硬盘分区并打上lvm标签，视实际情况确定分区）
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt   （设置分区类型为gpt）                                                     
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/vdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes   （确认继续下一步）                                                            
(parted) mkpart extended 0% 100%  （扩展分区extended，主分区primary 并使用整个硬盘空间）                                         
(parted) p    （查看分区情况）                                                            
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 215GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  215GB  215GB               extended

(parted) toggle 1 lvm   （将1分区打上lvm标签）                                                  
(parted) p     （查看分区情况）                                                           
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 215GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name      Flags
 1      1049kB  215GB  215GB               extended  lvm

(parted) quit    （退出）                                                         
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@0003 ~]# partprobe （不重启读取分区信息）
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# fdisk -l  （查看新的分区情况）

Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000af3ef

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/vdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: EA31CBB9-8C39-4EFA-8C8C-9DE7091BEFC7


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1         2048    419428351    200G  Linux LVM       extended

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 47.2 GB, 47240445952 bytes, 92266496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop0: 4588 MB, 4588568576 bytes, 8962048 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x15a0523f

      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/loop0p1   *           0     8962047     4481024    0  Empty
/dev/loop0p2            2396       19803        8704   ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/32)

Disk /dev/loop1: 10.7 GB, 10743709696 bytes, 20983808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5321f7e0

      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/loop1p1   *           0    20983807    10491904    0  Empty
/dev/loop1p2            5688       23095        8704   ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda1  （错误示例，需要按照实际分区名来操作）
  Device /dev/sda1 not found.
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# vgdisplay  （显示VG名称为：centos）
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <49.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Alloc PE / Size       12543 / <49.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               b3j9qA-lGWu-22NJ-TYwA-a9fr-Ig3y-U2jObn
   
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1  (将分出来的分区转为物理卷)
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vdb1   （将vdb1分区加入到centos卷组）
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root (将所有空间分配给centos-root)
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <44.00 GiB (11263 extents) to 243.99 GiB (62462 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root  （同步文件系统，使扩容生效)
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2883328 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=11533312, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=5631, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11533312 to 63961088
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# lsblk  （查看分区情况）
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda             252:0    0   50G  0 disk 
├─vda1          252:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─vda2          252:2    0   49G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0  244G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb             252:16   0  200G  0 disk 
└─vdb1          252:17   0  200G  0 part 
  └─centos-root 253:0    0  244G  0 lvm  /
loop0             7:0    0  4.3G  0 loop /mnt
loop1             7:1    0   10G  0 loop /mnt
[root@0003 ~]# 
[root@0003 ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  244G   19G  226G   8% /
devtmpfs                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.8G  9.9M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1               1014M  209M  806M  21% /boot
/dev/loop1                11G   11G     0 100% /mnt
tmpfs                    1.6G   12K  1.6G   1% /run/user/985
tmpfs                    1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
[root@0003 ~]#