定义: 设 X ∈ { 0 , 1 } n X\in\{0,1\}^n X∈{0,1}n, X X X的线性掩码定义为某个向量 Γ X ∈ { 0 , 1 } n \Gamma X\in\{0,1\}^n ΓX∈{0,1}n, Γ \Gamma Γ和 X X X的内积 Γ X ⋅ X \Gamma X \cdot X ΓX⋅X代表 X X X的某些分量的线性组合,即 Γ X ⋅ X = ⊕ i , Γ X i = 1 X i \Gamma X \cdot X= \underset{i,\Gamma X_i =1} {\oplus}X_i ΓX⋅X=i,ΓXi=1⊕Xi。
举例:
令
X
=
{
x
0
,
x
1
,
x
2
,
x
3
}
X={\{x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3\}}
X={x0,x1,x2,x3},线性掩码
Γ
X
=
{
y
0
,
y
1
,
y
2
,
y
3
}
\Gamma X={\{y_0,y_1,y_2,y_3\}}
ΓX={y0,y1,y2,y3}。
若
X
=
{
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
}
X={\{1,1,1,1\}}
X={1,1,1,1},
Γ
X
=
{
0
,
1
,
0
,
1
}
\Gamma X={\{0,1,0,1\}}
ΓX={0,1,0,1}。则
Γ
X
⋅
X
=
x
0
⋅
y
0
⊕
x
1
⋅
y
1
⊕
x
2
⋅
y
2
⊕
x
3
⋅
y
3
=
x
1
⋅
y
1
⊕
x
3
⋅
y
3
=
x
1
⊕
x
3
=
0
\Gamma X \cdot X=x_0\cdot y_0\oplus x_1\cdot y_1\oplus x_2\cdot y_2\oplus x_3\cdot y_3=x_1\cdot y_1\oplus x_3\cdot y_3=x_1\oplus x_3=0
ΓX⋅X=x0⋅y0⊕x1⋅y1⊕x2⋅y2⊕x3⋅y3=x1⋅y1⊕x3⋅y3=x1⊕x3=0,相当于取
x
1
x_1
x1和
x
3
x_3
x3的线性组合(异或)。
同理,若
X
=
{
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
}
X={\{1,1,1,1\}}
X={1,1,1,1},
Γ
X
=
{
1
,
1
,
0
,
1
}
\Gamma X={\{1,1,0,1\}}
ΓX={1,1,0,1}。则
Γ
X
⋅
X
=
x
0
⊕
x
1
⊕
x
3
=
1
\Gamma X \cdot X=x_0\oplus x_1\oplus x_3=1
ΓX⋅X=x0⊕x1⊕x3=1,相当于取
x
0
x_0
x0、
x
1
x_1
x1和
x
3
x_3
x3的线性组合(异或)。