父类（指针、引用）指向子类对象

父类（指针、引用）指向子类对象

1. 父类类型指向子类对象

include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base_J
{
public:
        Base_J()
        {
                cout << "Base Created" << endl;
        }
        virtual ~Base_J()
        {
                cout << "Base Destroyed" << endl;
        }
        void common_fun()
        {
                cout << "Base_J, common_fun" << endl;
        }
        // virtual void common_fun() = 0;
};       
        
class Derived_J : public Base_J
{            
public:
        Derived_J()
        {
                cout << "Derived Created" << endl;
        }
        ~Derived_J()
        {
                cout << "Derived Destroyed" << endl;
        }
        void common_fun()
        {
                cout << "Derived_J, common_fun" << endl;
        }
};

int main()
{
        Derived_J d;

        Base_J b2 = d;
        b2.common_fun(); // 如果Base_J定义的common_fun是虚函数，则无法通过编译
        return 0;
}  

运行结果：

user@linux-anju:~/C> ./base
Base Created
Derived Created
Base_J, common_fun
Base Destroyed
Derived Destroyed
Base Destroyed

2. 父类引用指向子类对象
Base_J父类中，common_fun定义为虚函数。

int main()
{
        Derived_J d;
        Base_J &b2 = d;
        b2.common_fun();

        return 0;
}

运行结果：

user@linux-anju:~/C> ./base
Base Created
Derived Created
Derived_J, common_fun
Derived Destroyed
Base Destroyed

3. 父类指针指向子类对象

int main()
{
        Derived_J d;
        Base_J *b3 = &d;
        b3->common_fun();
        
        return 0;
}

运行结果与引用方式一致。

4. 总结

• 创建父类类型变量后，该变量终结时，会被调用析构函数；
• 父类引用或指针指向子类变量，终结时不会被调用析构函数；