Sr-gnn

论文的核心方法

1、将用户的行为序列构造成 Session Graph
2、我们通过GNN来对所得的 Session Graph进行特征提取，得到每一个Item的向量表征
3.在经过GNN提取Session Graph之后，我们需要对所有的Item的向量表征进行融合，以此得到User的向量表征 在得到了用户的向量表征之后，我们就可以按照序列召回的思路来进行模型训练/模型验证了

模型结构图

1.1构建Session Graph

可以看到根据四个项目item1,2,3,4（四个项目属于同一个session）之间的相互连接关系，构建了两个矩阵，左边是输出边的加权连接矩阵，右边是输入边的加权连接矩阵，里面的矩阵元素生成的规则：如果从一个节点出去的边的个数大于1，那么就对其中的元素进行归一化，比如v2对v4和v3都各自有一条边，所以在outgoing和incoming这两个矩阵中，都对其进行了归一化，2和3、4连接在矩阵中的表示元素为二分之一

1.2通过GNN学习Item的向量表征

在每个session的图中，按照如下公式进行计算：在每个时间步，这个session的节点一起更新。当更新所有的子图直到收敛时，就可以得到每个节点的vetcor了，也就是item的embedding结果

1.3 session的embedding表示

结合局部和全局embedding：

1. 局部的embbeding，最后一次点击的item的embedding
   
2. 全局的embedding，soft-attention机制
   
   预测：训练好之后，每个item的embedding是固定的了，可以直接拿来用，然后再得到当前session的embedding，点积就是得分，最后通过softmax得到item的预测概率
   
   训练：损失函数为交叉熵
   

总结

1、优势： 利用GNN这种数据结构构造方式，可以更好的记录了用户与商品之间的关系
2、利用何种方式进行聚合很关键，如何聚合也是gnn网络之间的区别，之后会再仔细研究下

paddle，datawhale开源代码

class GNN(nn.Layer):
    def __init__(self, embedding_size, step=1):
        super(GNN, self).__init__()
        self.step = step
        self.embedding_size = embedding_size
        self.input_size = embedding_size * 2
        self.gate_size = embedding_size * 3
        
        self.w_ih = self.create_parameter(shape=[self.input_size, self.gate_size]) 
        self.w_hh = self.create_parameter(shape=[self.embedding_size, self.gate_size])
        self.b_ih = self.create_parameter(shape=[self.gate_size])
        self.b_hh = self.create_parameter(shape=[self.gate_size])
        self.b_iah = self.create_parameter(shape=[self.embedding_size])
        self.b_ioh = self.create_parameter(shape=[self.embedding_size])

        self.linear_edge_in = nn.Linear(self.embedding_size, self.embedding_size)
        self.linear_edge_out = nn.Linear(self.embedding_size, self.embedding_size)

    def GNNCell(self, A, hidden):
        input_in = paddle.matmul(A[:, :, :A.shape[1]], self.linear_edge_in(hidden)) + self.b_iah
        input_out = paddle.matmul(A[:, :, A.shape[1]:], self.linear_edge_out(hidden)) + self.b_ioh
        # [batch_size, max_session_len, embedding_size * 2]
        inputs = paddle.concat([input_in, input_out], 2)

        # gi.size equals to gh.size, shape of [batch_size, max_session_len, embedding_size * 3]
        gi = paddle.matmul(inputs, self.w_ih) + self.b_ih
        gh = paddle.matmul(hidden, self.w_hh) + self.b_hh
        # (batch_size, max_session_len, embedding_size)
        i_r, i_i, i_n = gi.chunk(3, 2)
        h_r, h_i, h_n = gh.chunk(3, 2)
        reset_gate = F.sigmoid(i_r + h_r)
        input_gate = F.sigmoid(i_i + h_i)
        new_gate = paddle.tanh(i_n + reset_gate * h_n)
        hy = (1 - input_gate) * hidden + input_gate * new_gate
        return hy

    def forward(self, A, hidden):
        for i in range(self.step):
            hidden = self.GNNCell(A, hidden)
        return hidden


class SRGNN(nn.Layer):
    r"""SRGNN regards the conversation history as a directed graph.
    In addition to considering the connection between the item and the adjacent item,
    it also considers the connection with other interactive items.

    Such as: A example of a session sequence(eg:item1, item2, item3, item2, item4) and the connection matrix A

    Outgoing edges:
        === ===== ===== ===== =====
         \    1     2     3     4
        === ===== ===== ===== =====
         1    0     1     0     0
         2    0     0    1/2   1/2
         3    0     1     0     0
         4    0     0     0     0
        === ===== ===== ===== =====

    Incoming edges:
        === ===== ===== ===== =====
         \    1     2     3     4
        === ===== ===== ===== =====
         1    0     0     0     0
         2   1/2    0    1/2    0
         3    0     1     0     0
         4    0     1     0     0
        === ===== ===== ===== =====
    """

    def __init__(self, config):
        super(SRGNN, self).__init__()

        # load parameters info
        self.config = config
        self.embedding_size = config['embedding_dim']
        self.step = config['step']
        self.n_items = self.config['n_items']

        # define layers and loss
        # item embedding
        self.item_emb = nn.Embedding(self.n_items, self.embedding_size, padding_idx=0)
        # define layers and loss
        self.gnn = GNN(self.embedding_size, self.step)
        self.linear_one = nn.Linear(self.embedding_size, self.embedding_size)
        self.linear_two = nn.Linear(self.embedding_size, self.embedding_size)
        self.linear_three = nn.Linear(self.embedding_size, 1, bias_attr=False)
        self.linear_transform = nn.Linear(self.embedding_size * 2, self.embedding_size)
        self.loss_fun = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()


        # parameters initialization
        self.reset_parameters()

    def gather_indexes(self, output, gather_index):
        """Gathers the vectors at the specific positions over a minibatch"""
#         gather_index = gather_index.view(-1, 1, 1).expand(-1, -1, output.shape[-1])
        gather_index = gather_index.reshape([-1, 1, 1])
        gather_index = paddle.repeat_interleave(gather_index,output.shape[-1],2)
        output_tensor = paddle.take_along_axis(output, gather_index, 1)
        return output_tensor.squeeze(1)

    def calculate_loss(self,user_emb,pos_item):
        all_items = self.item_emb.weight
        scores = paddle.matmul(user_emb, all_items.transpose([1, 0]))
        return self.loss_fun(scores,pos_item)

    def output_items(self):
        return self.item_emb.weight

    def reset_parameters(self, initializer=None):
        for weight in self.parameters():
            paddle.nn.initializer.KaimingNormal(weight)

    def _get_slice(self, item_seq):
        # Mask matrix, shape of [batch_size, max_session_len]
        mask = (item_seq>0).astype('int32')
        items, n_node, A, alias_inputs = [], [], [], []
        max_n_node = item_seq.shape[1]
        item_seq = item_seq.cpu().numpy()
        for u_input in item_seq:
            node = np.unique(u_input)
            items.append(node.tolist() + (max_n_node - len(node)) * [0])
            u_A = np.zeros((max_n_node, max_n_node))
    
            for i in np.arange(len(u_input) - 1):
                if u_input[i + 1] == 0:
                    break

                u = np.where(node == u_input[i])[0][0]
                v = np.where(node == u_input[i + 1])[0][0]
                u_A[u][v] = 1

            u_sum_in = np.sum(u_A, 0)
            u_sum_in[np.where(u_sum_in == 0)] = 1
            u_A_in = np.divide(u_A, u_sum_in)
            u_sum_out = np.sum(u_A, 1)
            u_sum_out[np.where(u_sum_out == 0)] = 1
            u_A_out = np.divide(u_A.transpose(), u_sum_out)
            u_A = np.concatenate([u_A_in, u_A_out]).transpose()
            A.append(u_A)

            alias_inputs.append([np.where(node == i)[0][0] for i in u_input])
        # The relative coordinates of the item node, shape of [batch_size, max_session_len]
        alias_inputs = paddle.to_tensor(alias_inputs)
        # The connecting matrix, shape of [batch_size, max_session_len, 2 * max_session_len]
        A = paddle.to_tensor(A)
        # The unique item nodes, shape of [batch_size, max_session_len]
        items = paddle.to_tensor(items)

        return alias_inputs, A, items, mask

    def forward(self, item_seq, mask, item, train=True):
        if train:
            alias_inputs, A, items, mask = self._get_slice(item_seq)
            hidden = self.item_emb(items)
            hidden = self.gnn(A, hidden)
            alias_inputs = alias_inputs.reshape([-1, alias_inputs.shape[1],1])
            alias_inputs = paddle.repeat_interleave(alias_inputs, self.embedding_size, 2)
            seq_hidden = paddle.take_along_axis(hidden,alias_inputs,1)
            # fetch the last hidden state of last timestamp
            item_seq_len = paddle.sum(mask,axis=1)
            ht = self.gather_indexes(seq_hidden, item_seq_len - 1)
            q1 = self.linear_one(ht).reshape([ht.shape[0], 1, ht.shape[1]])
            q2 = self.linear_two(seq_hidden)

            alpha = self.linear_three(F.sigmoid(q1 + q2))
            a = paddle.sum(alpha * seq_hidden * mask.reshape([mask.shape[0], -1, 1]), 1)
            user_emb = self.linear_transform(paddle.concat([a, ht], axis=1))

            loss = self.calculate_loss(user_emb,item)
            output_dict = {
                'user_emb': user_emb,
                'loss': loss
            }
        else:
            alias_inputs, A, items, mask = self._get_slice(item_seq)
            hidden = self.item_emb(items)
            hidden = self.gnn(A, hidden)
            alias_inputs = alias_inputs.reshape([-1, alias_inputs.shape[1],1])
            alias_inputs = paddle.repeat_interleave(alias_inputs, self.embedding_size, 2)
            seq_hidden = paddle.take_along_axis(hidden, alias_inputs,1)
            # fetch the last hidden state of last timestamp
            item_seq_len = paddle.sum(mask, axis=1)
            ht = self.gather_indexes(seq_hidden, item_seq_len - 1)
            q1 = self.linear_one(ht).reshape([ht.shape[0], 1, ht.shape[1]])
            q2 = self.linear_two(seq_hidden)

            alpha = self.linear_three(F.sigmoid(q1 + q2))
            a = paddle.sum(alpha * seq_hidden * mask.reshape([mask.shape[0], -1, 1]), 1)
            user_emb = self.linear_transform(paddle.concat([a, ht], axis=1))
            output_dict = {
                'user_emb': user_emb,
            }
        return output_dict

参考

1、博客1
2、博客2