前言
一、代理模式是什么？
代理模式是常见的设计模式之一，顾名思义，代理模式就是代理对象具备真实对象的功能，并代替真实对象完成相应操作，并能够在操作执行的前后，对操作进行增强处理。（为真实对象提供代理，然后供其他对象通过代理访问真实对象）
二、静态代理
以租房为例，租客找房东租房，然后中间经过房屋中介，以此为背景，它的UML图如下：
可以看出房东类（RentHouse）和代理类（IntermediaryProxy）都实现了租房接口，这就是一个静态代理的前提，那就是真实类和代理类要实现同一个接口，在代理类中实现真实类的方法同时可以进行真实类方法的增强处理，在一个代理类中就可以完成对多个真实对象的注入工作。代码如下：
public interface IRentHouse {
void rentHouse();
}
public class RentHouse implements IRentHouse {
@Override
public void rentHouse() {
System.out.println("实现租房");
}
}
public class IntermediaryProxy implements IRentHouse {
private IRentHouse iRent;
public IntermediaryProxy(IRentHouse iRentHouse) {
iRent=iRentHouse;
}
@Override
public void rentHouse() {
System.out.println("交中介费");
iRent.rentHouse();
System.out.println("中介负责维修管理");
}
}
//client测试类
public class TestStaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//定义租房
IRentHouse iRentHouse = new RentHouse();
//定义中介
IRentHouse intermediaryProxy = new IntermediaryProxy(iRentHouse);
//中介租房
intermediaryProxy.rentHouse();
}
}
三、动态代理
从静态代理的代码中可以发现，静态代理的缺点显而易见，那就是当真实类的方法越来越多的时候，这样构建的代理类的代码量是非常大的，所以就引进动态代理.
动态代理允许使用一种方法的单个类（代理类）为具有任意数量方法的任意类（真实类）的多个方法调用提供服务，看到这句话，可以容易的联想到动态代理的实现与反射密不可分。
JAVA 反射机制是在运行状态中，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性；这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为 java 语言的反射机制。
1.jdk动态代理（接口代理）
Jdk代理涉及到java.lang.reflect包中的InvocationHandler接口和Proxy类，核心方法是
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable
jdk动态代理过程中实际上代理的是接口，是因为在创建代理实例的时候，依赖的是java.lang.reflect包中Proxy类的newProxyInstance方法，该方法的生效就恰恰需要这个参数；
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException{
……
}
下面以案例来说明jdk动态代理的完整过程：涉及两套接口及其实现类，一个代理类，以及一个测试类
//接口1
public interface Animal {
void wakeup();
void sleep();
}
//实现类1
public class Cat implements Animal {
private String name;
public Cat() {
}
public Cat(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void wakeup() {
System.out.println("小猫"+name+"早晨醒来啦");
}
@Override
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("小猫"+name+"晚上睡觉啦");
}
}
//实现类2
public class Dog implements Animal {
private String name;
public Dog() {
}
public Dog(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void wakeup() {
System.out.println("小狗"+name+"早晨醒来啦");
}
@Override
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("小狗"+name+"晚上睡觉啦");
}
}
//接口2
public interface Person {
void wakeup();
void sleep();
}
//实现类1
public class Student implements Person{
private String name;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void wakeup() {
System.out.println("学生"+name+"早晨醒来啦");
}
@Override
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("学生"+name+"晚上睡觉啦");
}
}
//实现类2
public class Doctor implements Person {
private String name;
public Doctor() {
}
public Doctor(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void wakeup() {
System.out.println("医生"+name+"早晨醒来啦");
}
@Override
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("医生"+name+"晚上睡觉啦");
}
}
//代理类
public class JDKDynamicProxy implements InvocationHandler {
private Object bean;
public JDKDynamicProxy(Object bean) {
this.bean=bean;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
String methodname=method.getName();
if (methodname.equals("wakeup")){
System.out.println("早安~~~");
}else if(methodname.equals("sleep")){
System.out.println("晚安~~~");
}
return method.invoke(bean,args);
}
}
//测试类
public class TestJDKDynamicProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JDKDynamicProxy proxy = new JDKDynamicProxy(new Student("张三"));
//创建代理实例
Person student = (Person) Proxy.newProxyInstance(proxy.getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Person.class}, proxy);
student.wakeup();
student.sleep();
proxy = new JDKDynamicProxy(new Doctor("王教授"));
Person doctor = (Person) Proxy.newProxyInstance(proxy.getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Person.class}, proxy);
doctor.wakeup();
doctor.sleep();
proxy = new JDKDynamicProxy(new Dog("旺旺"));
Animal dog = (Animal) Proxy.newProxyInstance(proxy.getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Animal.class}, proxy);
dog.wakeup();
dog.sleep();
proxy = new JDKDynamicProxy(new Cat("咪咪"));
Animal cat = (Animal) Proxy.newProxyInstance(proxy.getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Animal.class}, proxy);
cat.wakeup();
cat.sleep();
}
}
在执行过程中，为两个接口分别生成了编译以后的虚拟代理类$Proxy0.class 和 $Proxy1.class，下面以接口1的动态代理过程，讲述jdk动态代理的来龙去脉
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.deer.test.com.deer.vo.Person;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Person {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m4;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
super(var1);
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return (Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1});
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final void wakeup() throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m4, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final void sleep() throws {
try {
super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return (Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", Class.forName("java.lang.Object"));
m4 = Class.forName("com.deer.test.com.deer.vo.Person").getMethod("wakeup");
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString");
m3 = Class.forName("com.deer.test.com.deer.vo.Person").getMethod("sleep");
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode");
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}
整个调用过程如下（省去本人由于自身原因走的弯路，直接说梳理结果）：
从测试类中可以看出，一共创建了四个代理实例，然后每个代理实例对应接口的实现类，道理相同，这里只分析Student类的实现过程
总结对比：
1.静态代理中，代理类和真实类实现的是同一个接口，重写同样的方法；jdk动态代理中，代理类和真实类关系不大，代理类实现无侵入式的代码扩展。
2.静态代理中当接口中方法增加的时候，在代理类代码量也会增加，显然是不妥的；jdk动态代理解决了这个问题，当业务增加，代理类的代码不会增加。
3.jdk动态代理实现的是jdk自带InvocationHandler接口，实现了这个接口的类也叫拦截器类，也叫代理类。
2.cglib动态代理
从上面可以看出，jdk动态代理的前提条件是，要有接口存在，那还有许多场景是没有接口的，这个时候就需要cglib动态代理了，CGLIB(Code Generation Library)是一个基于ASM的字节码生成库，它允许我们在运行时对字节码进行修改和动态生成。CGLIB通过继承方式实现代理。
以下案例中所用到的**被代理类**和和上面jdk动态代理一样
cglib动态代理过程中生成的是实现类的子类，cglib是如何凭空创造的实现类的子类的，下面是测试代码
//所需的代理类
public class CglibProxy implements MethodInterceptor {
private Enhancer enhancer=new Enhancer();
private Object bean;
public CglibProxy(Object bean) {
this.bean = bean;
}
public Object getProxy(){
//设置需要创建子类的类
enhancer.setSuperclass(bean.getClass());
enhancer.setCallback(this);
return enhancer.create();
}
@Override
public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
String methodName = method.getName();
if (methodName.equals("wakeup")){
System.out.println("早安~~~");
}else if(methodName.equals("sleep")){
System.out.println("晚安~~~");
}
return method.invoke(bean,objects);
}
}
//测试类
public class TestCglibProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//生成虚拟代理类的代码，本来虚拟代理子类是看不见的，
//下面这句话的作用就是把执行过程中cglib增强后的class字节码文件
System.setProperty(DebuggingClassWriter.DEBUG_LOCATION_PROPERTY, "D:\\aop");
CglibProxy proxy = new CglibProxy(new Student("张三"));
Student student = (Student) proxy.getProxy();
student.wakeup();
student.sleep();
proxy = new CglibProxy(new Doctor("王教授"));
Doctor doctor = (Doctor) proxy.getProxy();
doctor.wakeup();
doctor.sleep();
proxy = new CglibProxy(new Dog("旺旺"));
Dog dog = (Dog) proxy.getProxy();
dog.wakeup();
dog.sleep();
proxy = new CglibProxy(new Cat("咪咪"));
Cat cat = (Cat) proxy.getProxy();
cat.wakeup();
cat.sleep();
}
}
附上代理Cat类时候，生成的Cat的子类：
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//
public class Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b extends Cat implements Factory {
private boolean CGLIB$BOUND;
public static Object CGLIB$FACTORY_DATA;
private static final ThreadLocal CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS;
private static final Callback[] CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
private MethodInterceptor CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
private static Object CGLIB$CALLBACK_FILTER;
private static final Method CGLIB$sleep$0$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$sleep$0$Proxy;
private static final Object[] CGLIB$emptyArgs;
private static final Method CGLIB$wakeup$1$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$wakeup$1$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$equals$2$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$equals$2$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$toString$3$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$toString$3$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$hashCode$4$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$hashCode$4$Proxy;
private static final Method CGLIB$clone$5$Method;
private static final MethodProxy CGLIB$clone$5$Proxy;
static void CGLIB$STATICHOOK4() {
CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS = new ThreadLocal();
CGLIB$emptyArgs = new Object[0];
Class var0 = Class.forName("com.example.demo.cglibproxy.vo.Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b");
Class var1;
Method[] var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", "hashCode", "()I", "clone", "()Ljava/lang/Object;"}, (var1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object")).getDeclaredMethods());
CGLIB$equals$2$Method = var10000[0];
CGLIB$equals$2$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", "equals", "CGLIB$equals$2");
CGLIB$toString$3$Method = var10000[1];
CGLIB$toString$3$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/String;", "toString", "CGLIB$toString$3");
CGLIB$hashCode$4$Method = var10000[2];
CGLIB$hashCode$4$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()I", "hashCode", "CGLIB$hashCode$4");
CGLIB$clone$5$Method = var10000[3];
CGLIB$clone$5$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()Ljava/lang/Object;", "clone", "CGLIB$clone$5");
var10000 = ReflectUtils.findMethods(new String[]{"sleep", "()V", "wakeup", "()V"}, (var1 = Class.forName("com.example.demo.cglibproxy.vo.Cat")).getDeclaredMethods());
CGLIB$sleep$0$Method = var10000[0];
CGLIB$sleep$0$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()V", "sleep", "CGLIB$sleep$0");
CGLIB$wakeup$1$Method = var10000[1];
CGLIB$wakeup$1$Proxy = MethodProxy.create(var1, var0, "()V", "wakeup", "CGLIB$wakeup$1");
}
final void CGLIB$sleep$0() {
super.sleep();
}
public final void sleep() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if (var10000 != null) {
var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$sleep$0$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$sleep$0$Proxy);
} else {
super.sleep();
}
}
final void CGLIB$wakeup$1() {
super.wakeup();
}
public final void wakeup() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if (var10000 != null) {
var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$wakeup$1$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$wakeup$1$Proxy);
} else {
super.wakeup();
}
}
final boolean CGLIB$equals$2(Object var1) {
return super.equals(var1);
}
public final boolean equals(Object var1) {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if (var10000 != null) {
Object var2 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$equals$2$Method, new Object[]{var1}, CGLIB$equals$2$Proxy);
return var2 == null ? false : (Boolean)var2;
} else {
return super.equals(var1);
}
}
final String CGLIB$toString$3() {
return super.toString();
}
public final String toString() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
return var10000 != null ? (String)var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$toString$3$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$toString$3$Proxy) : super.toString();
}
final int CGLIB$hashCode$4() {
return super.hashCode();
}
public final int hashCode() {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
if (var10000 != null) {
Object var1 = var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$hashCode$4$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$hashCode$4$Proxy);
return var1 == null ? 0 : ((Number)var1).intValue();
} else {
return super.hashCode();
}
}
final Object CGLIB$clone$5() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
MethodInterceptor var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
if (this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 == null) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
}
return var10000 != null ? var10000.intercept(this, CGLIB$clone$5$Method, CGLIB$emptyArgs, CGLIB$clone$5$Proxy) : super.clone();
}
public static MethodProxy CGLIB$findMethodProxy(Signature var0) {
String var10000 = var0.toString();
switch(var10000.hashCode()) {
case -1385928386:
if (var10000.equals("sleep()V")) {
return CGLIB$sleep$0$Proxy;
}
break;
case -508378822:
if (var10000.equals("clone()Ljava/lang/Object;")) {
return CGLIB$clone$5$Proxy;
}
break;
case 391780310:
if (var10000.equals("wakeup()V")) {
return CGLIB$wakeup$1$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1826985398:
if (var10000.equals("equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z")) {
return CGLIB$equals$2$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1913648695:
if (var10000.equals("toString()Ljava/lang/String;")) {
return CGLIB$toString$3$Proxy;
}
break;
case 1984935277:
if (var10000.equals("hashCode()I")) {
return CGLIB$hashCode$4$Proxy;
}
}
return null;
}
public Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b() {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
}
public Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b(String var1) {
super(var1);
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
}
public static void CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.set(var0);
}
public static void CGLIB$SET_STATIC_CALLBACKS(Callback[] var0) {
CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS = var0;
}
private static final void CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(Object var0) {
Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b var1 = (Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b)var0;
if (!var1.CGLIB$BOUND) {
var1.CGLIB$BOUND = true;
Object var10000 = CGLIB$THREAD_CALLBACKS.get();
if (var10000 == null) {
var10000 = CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS;
if (CGLIB$STATIC_CALLBACKS == null) {
return;
}
}
var1.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)((Callback[])var10000)[0];
}
}
public Object newInstance(Callback[] var1) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var1);
Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b var10000 = new Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
}
public Object newInstance(Callback var1) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(new Callback[]{var1});
Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b var10000 = new Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b();
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
}
public Object newInstance(Class[] var1, Object[] var2, Callback[] var3) {
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS(var3);
Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b var10000 = new Cat$$EnhancerByCGLIB$$8ca2de8b;
switch(var1.length) {
case 0:
var10000.<init>();
break;
case 1:
if (var1[0].getName().equals("java.lang.String")) {
var10000.<init>((String)var2[0]);
break;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Constructor not found");
}
CGLIB$SET_THREAD_CALLBACKS((Callback[])null);
return var10000;
}
public Callback getCallback(int var1) {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
MethodInterceptor var10000;
switch(var1) {
case 0:
var10000 = this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0;
break;
default:
var10000 = null;
}
return var10000;
}
public void setCallback(int var1, Callback var2) {
switch(var1) {
case 0:
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var2;
default:
}
}
public Callback[] getCallbacks() {
CGLIB$BIND_CALLBACKS(this);
return new Callback[]{this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0};
}
public void setCallbacks(Callback[] var1) {
this.CGLIB$CALLBACK_0 = (MethodInterceptor)var1[0];
}
static {
CGLIB$STATICHOOK4();
}
}
不难发现，cglib生成的增强子类，比jdk生成的接口代理类默认多实现了clone();而创建这种子类的核心代码就是：
public Object getProxy(){
//设置需要创建子类的类
enhancer.setSuperclass(bean.getClass());
enhancer.setCallback(this);
return enhancer.create();
}
该案例下，cglib的代理实现过程如下：
总结：cglib动态代理和jdk动态代理的区别显而易见，但是实现逻辑差不多，cglib代理类是通过实现MethodInterceptor，重写intercept方法，通过生成被代理类的子类来达到代理增强代码的目的；而Jdk代理是通过实现InvocationHandler，重写invoke方法，通过生成接口的代理类来达到代码增强的目的，所以jdk动态代理的实现需要接口，cglib则不需要，spring5.0以上以及springboot2.0以上默认采用cglib动态来实现AOP。后面将专门介绍AOP以及spring中是如何实现AOP的！不当之处欢迎大家批评并指正！
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