springboot启动流程和Tomcat启动
1.springboot启动函数
springboot启动函数如下所示：
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages = {"TestLab.JustTalk_Server", "TestLab.JustTalk_Common"})
public class JustTalkServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(JustTalkServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
主要包含两个个部分：
- 注解@SpringBootApplication
- SpringApplication.run()方法
2.注解@SpringBootApplication
让我们点进@SpringBootApplication
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
}
可以看出来，其主要作用的是如下三个注解
- @SpringBootConfiguration
- @EnableAutoConfiguration
- @ComponentScan
让我们分别看一下这三个注解有什么作用
2.1@SpringBootConfiguration
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
@Indexed
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
@AliasFor(
annotation = Configuration.class
)
boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}
可见与@SpringBootConfiguration和@Configuration功能相同，标注当前类是配置类。
2.2 @EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
在上面一串注解中起重要作用的是@AutoConfigurationPackage和@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
@Import()可以直接指定实体类，加载这个类定义到context中。
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import({Registrar.class})
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
String[] basePackages() default {};
Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};
}
如上可见，@AutoConfigurationPackage借助Registrar.class完成注册，通过getPackageNames注册当前启动类的根package
static class Registrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, DeterminableImports {
Registrar() {
}
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
AutoConfigurationPackages.register(registry, (String[])(new AutoConfigurationPackages.PackageImports(metadata)).getPackageNames().toArray(new String[0]));
}
}
接下来是AutoConfigurationImportSelector类，紧接着会调用其中的selectImports方法。
public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
return NO_IMPORTS;
} else {
AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
}
}
}
selectImports会返回autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()然后通过
getCandidateConfigurations->SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames最终从META-INF/spring.factories中加载配置类。
Enumeration urls = classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
2.3 @ComponentScan
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan {
}
@ComponentScan注解相信很多人都知道它的作用，也就是指定扫描的范围，加载该范围内的bean和context等，默认扫描路径为声明@ComponentScan所在类的package。可以通过scanBasePackages = {“XXX”, “XXX”}来指定需要扫描的包。
3 SpringApplication.run
SpringApplication.run是一个静态方法，但最终会创建一个SpringApplication去调用run方法
//1
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {
return run(new Class[]{primarySource}, args);
}
//2
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
return (new SpringApplication(primarySources)).run(args);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
run(new Class[0], args);
}
//3 调用构造器
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.sources = new LinkedHashSet();
this.bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE;
this.logStartupInfo = true;
this.addCommandLineProperties = true;
this.addConversionService = true;
this.headless = true;
this.registerShutdownHook = true;
this.additionalProfiles = Collections.emptySet();
this.isCustomEnvironment = false;
this.lazyInitialization = false;
this.applicationContextFactory = ApplicationContextFactory.DEFAULT;
this.applicationStartup = ApplicationStartup.DEFAULT;
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
this.bootstrapRegistryInitializers = new ArrayList(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(BootstrapRegistryInitializer.class));
this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
this.setListeners(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = this.deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
//4 run
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//创建计时器
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
//开始计时
stopWatch.start();
//定义上下文对象
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
//Headless模式设置
configureHeadlessProperty();
//加载SpringApplicationRunListeners监听器
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//发送ApplicationStartingEvent事件
listeners.starting();
try {
//封装ApplicationArguments对象
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
//配置环境模块
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
//根据环境信息配置要忽略的bean信息
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//打印Banner标志
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//创建ApplicationContext应用上下文
context = createApplicationContext();
//加载SpringBootExceptionReporter
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//ApplicationContext基本属性配置
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//刷新上下文
refreshContext(context);
//刷新后的操作，由子类去扩展
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//计时结束
stopWatch.stop();
//打印日志
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//发送ApplicationStartedEvent事件，标志spring容器已经刷新，此时所有的bean实例都已经加载完毕
listeners.started(context);
//查找容器中注册有CommandLineRunner或者ApplicationRunner的bean，遍历并执行run方法
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
//发送ApplicationFailedEvent事件，标志SpringBoot启动失败
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
//发送ApplicationReadyEvent事件，标志SpringApplication已经正在运行，即已经成功启动，可以接收服务请求。
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
//报告异常，但是不发送任何事件
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}
在创建SpringApplication的构造器中做的事如下所述：
接下来在调用的run方法中执行流程如图所示：
最终完成springboot的完整启动过程
4 TOMCAT的启动
想要知道springboot是怎样启动Tomcat服务的就需要关注上一节中第4步执行的run方法，在其中执行了createApplicationContext方法创建上下文。
createApplicationContext
//创建上下文
protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
return this.applicationContextFactory.create(this.webApplicationType);
}
public interface ApplicationContextFactory {
ApplicationContextFactory DEFAULT = (webApplicationType) -> {
try {
switch(webApplicationType) {
case SERVLET:
return new AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext();
case REACTIVE:
return new AnnotationConfigReactiveWebServerApplicationContext();
default:
return new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
}
} catch (Exception var2) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unable create a default ApplicationContext instance, you may need a custom ApplicationContextFactory", var2);
}
};
//创建
ConfigurableApplicationContext create(WebApplicationType webApplicationType);
}
spring根据webApplicationType创建AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext类，创建上下文。
接下来的prepareContext方法会运行一些初始化的流程，然后会注册一些spring boot启动所需要的bean，加载一些初始的beans。
refreshContext(context);
从refreshContext一直深入，最终会调用AbstractApplicationContext中的refresh方法，refresh方法是spring中管理bean的核心方法
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// 忽略掉不重要！启动阶段标记,初始化时标记位为false,执行refresh完毕后修改为true(最后的end方法).
StartupStep contextRefresh = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.context.refresh");
// 1. 准备刷新上下文方法,用于设置准备刷新前的一些参数:
// 程序启动标志位/上下文拓展资源加载/上下文环境准备情况验证/监听器监听事件容器初始化准备
prepareRefresh();
// 2. 获取BeanFactory,内部调用refreshBeanFactory()和getBeanFactory()均由子类实现
// 告知子类刷新Bean工厂(设置序列号ID--> 参考GenericApplicationContext)
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// 3. 初始化Bean工厂,设置基础属性: ClassLoader、SPEL(SPring表达式)解析器、属性编辑器(自定义属性覆盖默认属性)、
// 添加系统BeanPostProcessor`ResourceEditorRegistrar(初始化前执行一些Aware即invokeAwareInterfaces方法)`、
// 忽略一些系统级接口装配依赖、注入一些不能自动创建的Bean依赖(Bean工厂,ResourceLoader(加载资源文件),事件发布类,上下文)、
// 加系统BeanPostProcessor`ApplicationListenerDetector(Bean初始化后执行,判断是否是单例监听器加到上下文中)`、
// 加入AspectJ静态代理支持、系统环境Bean检查注册
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// 4. BeanFactory配置好的后置拓展操作.由子类拓展.可在这里提前加入自定义BeanFactoryPostProcess
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// 忽略掉不重要！启动阶段标记
StartupStep beanPostProcess = this.applicationStartup.start("spring.context.beans.post-process");
// 5. 执行BeanFactory后置处理. Spring的SPI机制保障(可看我自动装载文章).
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 6. 注册BeanPostProcessors到BeanFacotry中并排序,并未执行.涉及到Bean生命周期执行
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
beanPostProcess.end();
// 7. 初始化MessageSource,用于消息国际化处理
initMessageSource();
// 8. 初始化上下文事件广播器
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// 9. 子类实现,springbootstarterweb在此创建web容器,并提前生成容器所需的Bean及其对应生命周期
onRefresh();
// 10. 给广播器中注册监听器,执行初期事件
registerListeners();
// 11. 初始化所有非懒加载单例Bean
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// 12. 完成刷新,发布上下文刷新完毕事件
finishRefresh();
}catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// 刷新异常,销毁已经创建的Bean
destroyBeans();
// 取消刷新,设置active为false
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
// 刷新结束,设置标志位为true
contextRefresh.end();
}
}
}
我们可以看出在其中的onrefresh方法中创建了createWebServer
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
this.createWebServer();
} catch (Throwable var2) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start reactive web server", var2);
}
}
private void createWebServer() {
WebServerManager serverManager = this.serverManager;
if (serverManager == null) {
StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create");
String webServerFactoryBeanName = this.getWebServerFactoryBeanName();
ReactiveWebServerFactory webServerFactory = this.getWebServerFactory(webServerFactoryBeanName);
createWebServer.tag("factory", webServerFactory.getClass().toString());
boolean lazyInit = this.getBeanFactory().getBeanDefinition(webServerFactoryBeanName).isLazyInit();
this.serverManager = new WebServerManager(this, webServerFactory, this::getHttpHandler, lazyInit);
this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown", new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.serverManager.getWebServer()));
this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop", new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this.serverManager));
createWebServer.end();
}
this.initPropertySources();
}
继续追踪WebServerManager方法
WebServerManager(ReactiveWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext, ReactiveWebServerFactory factory, Supplier<HttpHandler> handlerSupplier, boolean lazyInit) {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
Assert.notNull(factory, "Factory must not be null");
this.handler = new WebServerManager.DelayedInitializationHttpHandler(handlerSupplier, lazyInit);
this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(this.handler);
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ReactiveWebServerFactory {
WebServer getWebServer(HttpHandler httpHandler);
}
进入接口getWebServer，在这里接口ReactiveWebServerFactory 有多个实现类
此时我们进入Tomcat实现类中
public WebServer getWebServer(HttpHandler httpHandler) {
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
this.customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
this.configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
TomcatHttpHandlerAdapter servlet = new TomcatHttpHandlerAdapter(httpHandler);
this.prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), servlet);
return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}
可以看到其中创建了connector 对象和Engine容器。
getTomcatWebServer
getTomcatWebServer中创建了TomcatWebServer对象，然后调用initialize方法完成初始化。在initialize中
protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, this.getPort() >= 0, this.getShutdown());
}
public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart, Shutdown shutdown) {
this.monitor = new Object();
this.serviceConnectors = new HashMap();
Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
this.tomcat = tomcat;
this.autoStart = autoStart;
this.gracefulShutdown = shutdown == Shutdown.GRACEFUL ? new GracefulShutdown(tomcat) : null;
this.initialize();
}
//initialize方法
private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + this.getPortsDescription(false));
synchronized(this.monitor) {
try {
this.addInstanceIdToEngineName();
Context context = this.findContext();
context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && "start".equals(event.getType())) {
this.removeServiceConnectors();
}
});
//启动服务
this.tomcat.start();
this.rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
try {
ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), this.getClass().getClassLoader());
} catch (NamingException var5) {
}
this.startDaemonAwaitThread();
} catch (Exception var6) {
this.stopSilently();
this.destroySilently();
throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", var6);
}
}
}
在tomcat.start方法中完成Tomcat服务的启动
@Override
public void start() throws WebServerException {
synchronized (this.monitor) {
if (this.started) {
return;
}
try {
addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors();
Connector connector = this.tomcat.getConnector();
if (connector != null && this.autoStart) {
performDeferredLoadOnStartup();
}
checkThatConnectorsHaveStarted();
this.started = true;
//在控制台打印这句日志，如果在yml设置了上下文，这里会打印
logger.info("Tomcat started on port(s): " + getPortsDescription(true) + " with context path '"
+ getContextPath() + "'");
}
catch (ConnectorStartFailedException ex) {
stopSilently();
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat server", ex);
}
finally {
Context context = findContext();
ContextBindings.unbindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());
}
}
}
参考链接：
SpringBoot启动流程是怎样的？
SPRINGBOOT启动流程及其原理
SpringBoot内置tomcat启动原理
AbstractApplicationContext.refresh()应用上下文刷新方法
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