Linux -- python安装步骤

安装软件

rpm

# 安装
rpm -ivh wget-1.12-10.el6.i686.rpm
# 干掉
rpm -e wget

yum 安装

设置镜像源

1、备份

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存

yum makecache

安装命令

yum [-y] install wget
yum [-y] remove wget

Python3安装

1. 安装开发工具包

   # 安装开发工具
   yum groupinstall "development tools" 
   # 装一些依赖包
   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel
   

2. 下载python3压缩包

   # https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-363/ 有下载地址
   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tgz
   # 或者在windnows下下载好，拉到linux中
   

3. 解压

   # 解压文件
   tar -xvf Python-3.6.3.tgz
   # 进入到目录
   cd Python-3.6.3
   

4. 源码安装 三步走

   # 配置
   ./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python
   # 编译
   make
   #安装
   make install
   # 可以合成一步 make && make install
   

5. 如何执行python3

   # 第一种方式 创建软连接
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
   ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
   
   # 设置成 /usr/local/python/bin 设置成环境变量
   vim /etc/profile
   export PATH=新添加的路径:$PATH
   source /etc/profile
   

virtualenv 使用

1. 安装

   pip3 install virtualenv
   

2. 创建

   virtualenv –p /usr/local/python/bin/python3.6 shop
   

3. 激活 让虚拟环境生效

   source /root/shop/bin/activate
   

4. 退出

   deactivate
   

ipython 安装

pip3 install ipython

python安装简化版

1. 安装gcc

   yum install gcc
   # 装一些依赖包
   yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel expat-devel
   

2. 下载安装包

   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.7/Python-3.6.7.tgz
   

3. 解压

   tar -xvf Python-3.6.7.tgz
   cd Python-3.6.7
   

4. 源码安装三步走

   # 配置
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
   # 编译
   make
   #安装
   make install
   # 可以合成一步 make && make install
   

5. 设置环境变量

   # 设置环境变量
   vim /etc/profile
   export PATH=新添加的路径:$PATH
   source /etc/profile
   

6. 安装ipython

   pip2 install ipython
   

命令补充

# 切换到codewen用户
su codewen
# 回到root用户
su
# 查看当前用户
whoami