Filter过滤器中成员变量通过Spring依赖注入Bean失败

问题

在Filter过滤器中，添加成员变量，并通过Spring的@Autowired和@Resource注解进行依赖注入失败。
代码如下：

package com.wnkj.filter;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.wnkj.entity.User;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

@Component
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
    
    @Autowired
    private JedisPool jedisPool;

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;

        String servletPath = httpServletRequest.getServletPath();

        if (servletPath.contains("login") || servletPath.contains("index")) {
            chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
        } else {
            Cookie[] cookies = httpServletRequest.getCookies();
            if (cookies != null) {
                String token = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                    Cookie c = cookies[i];
                    String name = c.getName();
                    if ("tokenCookie".equals(name)) {
                        token = c.getValue();
                    }
                }

                if (token != null && ! "".equals(token) && ! token.trim().isEmpty()) {
                    Jedis jedis = null;
                    String userJsonString = null;
                    try {
                        jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
                        userJsonString = jedis.get(token);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            if (jedis != null) {
                                jedis.close();
                            }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }

                    if (userJsonString != null && ! "".equals(token) && ! token.trim().isEmpty()) {
                        JSONObject userJsonObject = JSON.parseObject(userJsonString);
                        User user = new User();
                        try {
                            BeanUtils.populate(user, userJsonObject);
                        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
                        session.setAttribute("user", user);
                        chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
                    } else {
                        httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
                    }
                } else {
                    httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

                }
            } else {
                httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

分析问题

在Web项目启动过程中，三大组件初始化顺序是：Listener ->> Filter ->> Serlvet
注：SpringMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet是一个Servlet。
当Filter初始化的时候，DispatcherServlet仍未开始初始化。而DispatcherServlet未开始初始化，就导致IOC容器未完成初始化，所以Filter中通过依赖注入给成员变量注入实例的方式明显不行。

解决问题

可以在Filter过滤器的init()初始化方法中，手动加载XML配置文件，并得到想得到的类的实例，完成成员变量的实例化。
如下：

package com.wnkj.filter;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.wnkj.entity.User;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class LoginFilter implements Filter {

    private JedisPool jedisPool;

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        ServletContext servletContext = filterConfig.getServletContext();
        WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

        if (webApplicationContext != null) {
            jedisPool = webApplicationContext.getBean(JedisPool.class);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;

        String servletPath = httpServletRequest.getServletPath();

        if (servletPath.contains("login") || servletPath.contains("index")) {
            chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
        } else {
            Cookie[] cookies = httpServletRequest.getCookies();
            if (cookies != null) {
                String token = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                    Cookie c = cookies[i];
                    String name = c.getName();
                    if ("tokenCookie".equals(name)) {
                        token = c.getValue();
                    }
                }

                if (token != null) {
                    Jedis jedis = null;
                    String userJsonString = null;
                    try {
                        jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
                        userJsonString = jedis.get(token);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            if (jedis != null) {
                                jedis.close();
                            }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }

                    if (userJsonString != null) {
                        JSONObject userJsonObject = JSON.parseObject(userJsonString);
                        User user = new User();
                        try {
                            BeanUtils.populate(user, userJsonObject);
                        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
                        session.setAttribute("user", user);
                        chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
                    } else {
                        httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
                    }
                } else {
                    httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

                }
            } else {
                httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}

补充

为了使得以后在Filter中更便捷的完成成员变量的实例化，可以创建一个类，专门用于处理该问题。

package com.wnkj.utils;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

public class ApplicationContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {
    
    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        if (ApplicationContextUtils.applicationContext == null) {
            ApplicationContextUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }
    
    public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
        return applicationContext;
    }

    /**
     * 根据XML中<bean id=""></bean>的id属性值
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    public static Object getBean(String name) {
        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);
    }

    /**
     * 根据类型
     * @param clazz
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
        return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);
    }

    /**
     * 根据name和类型
     * @param name
     * @param clazz
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> clazz) {
        return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);
    }
}

因此，上面Filter中init()方法中的代码，就可以修改为如下：

package com.wnkj.filter;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.wnkj.entity.User;
import com.wnkj.utils.ApplicationContextUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class LoginFilter implements Filter {

    private JedisPool jedisPool;

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

        jedisPool = ApplicationContextUtils.getBean(JedisPool.class);

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;

        String servletPath = httpServletRequest.getServletPath();

        if (servletPath.contains("login") || servletPath.contains("index")) {
            chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
        } else {
            Cookie[] cookies = httpServletRequest.getCookies();
            if (cookies != null) {
                String token = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                    Cookie c = cookies[i];
                    String name = c.getName();
                    if ("tokenCookie".equals(name)) {
                        token = c.getValue();
                    }
                }

                if (token != null) {
                    Jedis jedis = null;
                    String userJsonString = null;
                    try {
                        jedis = jedisPool.getResource();
                        userJsonString = jedis.get(token);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
                    } finally {
                        try {
                            if (jedis != null) {
                                jedis.close();
                            }
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }

                    if (userJsonString != null) {
                        JSONObject userJsonObject = JSON.parseObject(userJsonString);
                        User user = new User();
                        try {
                            BeanUtils.populate(user, userJsonObject);
                        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
                        session.setAttribute("user", user);
                        chain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
                    } else {
                        httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
                    }
                } else {
                    httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

                }
            } else {
                httpServletRequest.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}