PSRFITS V6.1 介绍

PSRFITS V6.1 介绍

PSRFITS模板定义FITS文件的结构。本文档采用PSRFITS模板，并根据需要对每行简要注释进行扩展。

Main Header/主要的表头

SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard 文件需要遵循FITS标准
BITPIX = 8 / number of bits per data pixel 每个数据点的比特数
NAXIS = 0 / number of data axes 数据的维度
EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions FITS数据集可能包含扩展
COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format defined in Astronomy and
COMMENT Astrophysics Supplement Series v44/p363, v44/p371, v73/p359, v73/p365.
COMMENT Contact the NASA Science Office of Standards and Technology for the
COMMENT FITS Definition document #100 and other FITS information.
COMMENT

可以使用 fits_verify检查fits文件是否符合FITS标准。

HDRVER = '6.1 ’ / Header version 表头版本
FITSTYPE= 'PSRFITS ’ / FITS definition for pulsar data files FITS类型 为脉冲星数据所用的数据
DATE = ’ ’ / File creation UTC date (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) 数据创建的UTC时间 年月日时分秒

OBSERVER= ’ ’ / Observer name(s) 观测人的名字
PROJID = ’ ’ / Project name 项目名称
TELESCOP= ’ ’ / Telescope name 望远镜名称

应该符合TEMPO2的用法：

ANT_X = * / [m] Antenna ITRF X-coordinate (D) 天线ITRF坐标系 X坐标
ANT_Y = * / [m] Antenna ITRF Y-coordinate (D) 天线ITRF坐标系 Y坐标
ANT_Z = * / [m] Antenna ITRF Z-coordinate (D) 天线ITRF坐标系 Z坐标

在ITRF参考系中的位置。通常从VLBI观测方法中获得。

FRONTEND= ’ ’ / Receiver ID 接收机ID ： 天文台的接收机包标准名称

IBEAM = ’ ’ / Beam ID for multibeam systems 多波束接收机的beam ID 通常beam 0为中心波束

NRCVR = * / Number of receiver polarisation channels 接收机偏振通道数，接收机系统极化数通常为2

FD_POLN = ’ ’ / LIN or CIRC 偏振类型，线偏振(LIN)或者圆偏振(CIRC)

FD_HAND = * / +/- 1. +1 is LIN:A=X,B=Y, CIRC:A=L,B=R (I)

馈源传感器代码。FD_HAND = +1表示XYZ形成RH集合，Z方向为传播方向。仰望准聚焦接收机的馈电(或仰望天空)，对于FD_HAND = +1，从a(或X)到B(或Y)的旋转是逆时针方向，或增加馈电角(FA)或位置角(PA)的方向。对于循环馈送，对于A(或X)探针上的IEEE LCP, FD_HAND = +1，了解PSRFITS和PSRCHIVE采用的极化协定的完整描述，参阅 van Straten et al. (2010), PASA, 27, 104。

FD_SANG = * / [deg] FA of E vect for equal sig in A&B (E)

来自A(X)和B(Y)探头的同相响应相等的e矢量的馈入角，测量方向为增加FA或PA(在主焦接收器上向下看时顺时针方向)，范围为+/- 180度

FD_XYPH = * / [deg] Phase of A* B for injected cal (E)

注入校准信号的相关器交叉积A* B的相位。对于FA = FD_SANG处的线性极化校准信号，FD_XY = 0。对于垂直方向的cal注入(FD_SANG +/- 90 deg)，FD_XY = 180 deg

BACKEND = ’ ’ / Backend ID 天文台的信号处理(俗称“后端”)系统的标准名称

BECONFIG= ’ ’ / Backend configuration file name 用于设置后端系统的配置文件的名称

BE_PHASE= * / 0/+1/-1 BE cross-phase:0 unknown,+/-1 std/rev

如果交叉积相位随e向量FA的增加而增加，则BE_PHASE = +1，反之则= -1，如果未知则= 0。改变BE_PHASE的符号可以有效地共轭电场，使Stokes V的符号反转。

BE_DCC = * / 0/1 BE downconversion conjugation corrected

表示在信号处理中校正的边带下界共轭。

BE_DELAY= * / [s] Backend propn delay from digitiser input

数字化仪的实际信号到达时间与时间标签值之间的差值，如果时间标签早，为正。

TCYCLE = * / [s] On-line cycle time (D)

相关系统的本地循环时间。

OBS_MODE= ’ ’ / (PSR, CAL, SEARCH)

‘PSR’表示脉冲星的折叠模式观测，‘CAL’表示注入校准信号的折叠模式观测，‘SEARCH’表示多通道数据。

DATE-OBS= ’ ’ / UTC date of observation (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss)

开始观测的大约UTC日期和时间。

OBSFREQ = * / [MHz] Centre frequency for observation

原始观测频谱OBSNCHAN/2通道道中点处的射电频率，其中信道编号从1到OBSNCHAN。注意:假设通道道0(包含零频率分量)被丢弃。

OBSBW = * / [MHz] Bandwidth for observation

原始观测频谱的名义总带宽，即OBSNCHAN x通道带宽。

OBSNCHAN= * / Number of frequency channels (original)

原始频谱中的频率通道数目

CHAN_DM = * / [cm-3 pc] DM used for on-line dedispersion

色散测量值，用于在线(通常相干)消色散。

PNT_ID = ’ ’ / Name or ID for pointing ctr (multibeam feeds)

用多波束系统进行观测时，对轴上波束位置进行编码的标记。

SRC_NAME= ’ ’ / Source or scan ID

一项观测的源名称或标签。

COORD_MD= ’ ’ / Coordinate mode (J2000, GALACTIC, ECLIPTIC)

坐标和位置角参考系(PA)

EQUINOX = * / Equinox of coords (e.g. 2000.0)

儒略历的昼夜平分点(RA, Dec)坐标系统参考日期。(注意，这是浮点数，不是字符串。)

RA = ’ ’ / Right ascension (hh:mm:ss.ssss)

源或指向 赤经坐标(包括VO兼容性)。

DEC = ’ ’ / Declination (-dd:mm:ss.sss)

源或指向的赤纬包括VO兼容性)。

BMAJ = * / [deg] Beam major axis length
BMIN = * / [deg] Beam minor axis length
BPA = * / [deg] Beam position angle

有效波束的主、副轴和位置角在天空。

STT_CRD1= ’ ’ / Start coord 1 (hh:mm:ss.sss or ddd.ddd)
STT_CRD2= ’ ’ / Start coord 2 (-dd:mm:ss.sss or -dd.ddd)

COORD_MD参考坐标系中的指向或扫描启动位置。

TRK_MODE= ’ ’ / Track mode (TRACK, SCANGC, SCANLAT)

对于“TRACK”，光束轴在天空中跟踪一个固定点;在"SCANGC"中，光束轴以统一的速度沿着天空中的一个大圆运动;对于“SCANLAT”，光束轴沿着恒定纬度或赤纬(取决于COORD_MD)的直线以匀速运动。

STP_CRD1= ’ ’ / Stop coord 1 (hh:mm:ss.sss or ddd.ddd)
STP_CRD2= ’ ’ / Stop coord 2 (-dd:mm:ss.sss or -dd.ddd)

在COORD_MD参考坐标系中的指向或扫描停止位置。(通常等于轨迹模式观测的STT位置)

SCANLEN = * / [s] Requested scan length (E)

扫描或观测要求的持续时间。

FD_MODE = ’ ’ / Feed track mode - FA, CPA, SPA, TPA

在观测过程中:“FA”意味着恒定的FA，即相对于望远镜参考系，馈源保持固定;“CPA”是指旋转的馈线保持一个恒定的PA，也就是说，它跟踪视差角度的变化。注意，对于COORD_MD = ‘GALACTIC’ PA是关于银河北，类似地，对于COORD_MD = ‘ECLIPTIC’ PA是关于黄道北。对于“SPA”，FA被固定在一个角度上，以便在观测的中点获得所要求的PA;“TPA”只与扫描观察相关-馈线旋转以保持相对于扫描方向的恒定角度。

FA_REQ = * / [deg] Feed/Posn angle requested (E)

对于FD_MODE = ‘FA’，相对于望远镜参考系(FA = 0)，对于FD_MODE = ‘CPA’，相对于天体北方(PA = 0)或COORD_MD = ’ Galactic '，相对于银河北方的请求角度

CAL_MODE= ’ ’ / Cal mode (OFF, SYNC, EXT1, EXT2)

注入校准的操作模式:“关”时，没有注入校准;对于“同步”，校准脉冲同步折叠频率;“EXT1”和“EXT2”表示校准是由两种用户定义的外部信号之一驱动的。

CAL_FREQ= * / [Hz] Cal modulation frequency (E)

调制频率为注入校准信号。

CAL_DCYC= * / Cal duty cycle (E)

注入校准信号的占空比。

CAL_PHS = * / Cal phase (wrt start time) (E)

在同步模式下注入校准信号的前沿相位。

CAL_NPHS= * / Number of states in cal pulse (I)

在一个校准相位周期内的脉冲数。

STT_IMJD= * / Start MJD (UTC days) (J - long integer)

调整了协调世界时(UTC)的日期，用于观测的参考开始时间。开始时间被定义为折叠模式观测的第一个bin的开始和搜索模式观测的第一个样本的开始

STT_SMJD= * / [s] Start time (sec past UTC 00h) (J)

从协调世界时UTC 00h开始的整数秒，表示观测的参考开始时间

STT_OFFS= * / [s] Start time offset (D)

从STT_SMJD开始的小数秒表示观察的参考开始时间。

STT_LST = * / [s] Start LST (D)

观测开始时间的近似地方恒星时间

END

二进制表扩展 History Binary Table Extension

包含文件处理操作的历史记录，每次操作后有关键参数，每次操作一行。

XTENSION= BINTABLE / ***** Processing history *****
BITPIX = 8 / N/A
NAXIS = 2 / 2-dimensional binary table
NAXIS1 = * / width of table in bytes
NAXIS2 = * / number of rows
PCOUNT = 0 / size of special data area
GCOUNT = 1 / one data group (required keyword)
TFIELDS = 23 / number of fields per row

FAST 数据的表头

Main Header

SIMPLE = T / file does conform to FITS standard

BITPIX = 8 / number of bits per data pixel

NAXIS = 0 / number of data axes

EXTEND = T / FITS dataset may contain extensions

COMMENT FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) format is defined in 'Astronomy

COMMENT and Astrophysics’, volume 376, page 359; bibcode: 2001A&A…376…359H

HDRVER = '3.4 ’ / Header version

FITSTYPE= 'PSRFITS ’ / FITS definition for pulsar data files

DATE = ‘2020-10-06T06:33:00’ / File creation date (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss UTC)

OBSERVER= ‘Somebody’ / Observer name(s)

PROJID = ‘my project’ / Project name

TELESCOP= 'FAST ’ / Telescope name

ANT_X = 0 / [m] Antenna ITRF X-coordinate (D)

ANT_Y = 0 / [m] Antenna ITRF Y-coordinate (D)

ANT_Z = 0 / [m] Antenna ITRF Z-coordinate (D)

FRONTEND= '19BEAM ’ / Rx and feed ID

IBEAM = '0 ’ / Beam ID for multibeam systems

NRCVR = 2 / Number of receiver polarisation channels

FD_POLN = 'LIN ’ / LIN or CIRC

FD_HAND = 1 / +/- 1. +1 is LIN:A=X,B=Y, CIRC:A=L,B=R (I)

FD_SANG = 0. / [deg] FA of E vect for equal sig in A&B (E)

FD_XYPH = 0. / [deg] Phase of A^* B for injected cal (E)

BACKEND = 'MB4K ’ / Backend ID

BECONFIG= 'N/A ’ / Backend configuration file name

BE_PHASE= 1 / 0/+1/-1 BE cross-phase:0 unknown,+/-1 std/rev

BE_DCC = 0 / 0/1 BE downconversion conjugation corrected

BE_DELAY= 0. / [s] Backend propn delay from digitiser input

TCYCLE = 0. / [s] On-line cycle time (D)

OBS_MODE= 'SEARCH ’ / (PSR, CAL, SEARCH)

DATE-OBS= ‘2020-10-06T06:22:43.805’ / Date of observation (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss U

OBSFREQ = 1250. / [MHz] Centre frequency for observation

OBSBW = 500. / [MHz] Bandwidth for observation

OBSNCHAN= 1024 / Number of frequency channels (original)

CHAN_DM = 0. / DM used to de-disperse each channel (pc/cm^3)

PNT_ID = '0 ’ / Name or ID for pointing ctr (multibeam feeds)

SRC_NAME= ‘J2000-1234’ / Source or scan ID

COORD_MD= 'J2000 ’ / Coordinate mode (J2000, GAL, ECLIP, etc.)

EQUINOX = 2000. / Equinox of coords (e.g. 2000.0)

RA = ‘12:34:56.7890’ / Right ascension (hh:mm:ss.ssss)

DEC = ‘-12:34:56.7890’ / Declination (-dd:mm:ss.sss)

BMAJ = 0. / [deg] Beam major axis length

BMIN = 0. / [deg] Beam minor axis length

BPA = 0. / [deg] Beam position angle

STT_CRD1= ‘12:34:56.7890’ / Start coord 1 (hh:mm:ss.sss or ddd.ddd)

STT_CRD2= ‘-12:34:56.7890’ / Start coord 2 (-dd:mm:ss.sss or -dd.ddd)

TRK_MODE= 'TRACK ’ / Track mode (TRACK, SCANGC, SCANLAT)

STP_CRD1= ‘12:34:56.7890’ / Stop coord 1 (hh:mm:ss.sss or ddd.ddd)

STP_CRD2= ‘-12:34:56.7890’ / Stop coord 2 (-dd:mm:ss.sss or -dd.ddd)

SCANLEN = 0. / [s] Requested scan length (E)

FD_MODE = 'FA ’ / Feed track mode - FA, CPA, SPA, TPA

FA_REQ = 0. / [deg] Feed/Posn angle requested (E)

CAL_MODE= 'OFF ’ / Cal mode (OFF, SYNC, EXT1, EXT2)

CAL_FREQ= 0. / [Hz] Cal modulation frequency (E)

CAL_DCYC= 0. / Cal duty cycle (E)

CAL_PHS = 0. / Cal phase (wrt start time) (E)

STT_IMJD= 59128 / Start MJD (UTC days) (J - long integer)

STT_SMJD= 23580 / [s] Start time (sec past UTC 00h) (J)

STT_OFFS= 0. / [s] Start time offset (D)

STT_LST = 0. / [s] Start LST (D)

次表头

XTENSION= ‘BINTABLE’ / ***** Subintegration data *****

BITPIX = 8 / N/A

NAXIS = 2 / 2-dimensional binary table

NAXIS1 = 4235340 / width of table in bytes

NAXIS2 = 512 / Number of rows in table (NSUBINT)

PCOUNT = 0 / size of special data area

GCOUNT = 1 / one data group (required keyword)

TFIELDS = 17 / Number of fields per row

TTYPE1 = 'TSUBINT ’ / Length of subintegration

TFORM1 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE2 = ‘OFFS_SUB’ / Offset from Start of subint centre

TFORM2 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE3 = 'LST_SUB ’ / LST at subint centre

TFORM3 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE4 = 'RA_SUB ’ / RA (J2000) at subint centre

TFORM4 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE5 = 'DEC_SUB ’ / Dec (J2000) at subint centre

TFORM5 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE6 = ‘GLON_SUB’ / [deg] Gal longitude at subint centre

TFORM6 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE7 = ‘GLAT_SUB’ / [deg] Gal latitude at subint centre

TFORM7 = '1D ’ / Double

TTYPE8 = 'FD_ANG ’ / [deg] Feed angle at subint centre

TFORM8 = '1E ’ / Float

TTYPE9 = 'POS_ANG ’ / [deg] Position angle of feed at subint centre

TFORM9 = '1E ’ / Float

TTYPE10 = 'PAR_ANG ’ / [deg] Parallactic angle at subint centre

TFORM10 = '1E ’ / Float

TTYPE11 = 'TEL_AZ ’ / [deg] Telescope azimuth at subint centre

TFORM11 = '1E ’ / Float

TTYPE12 = 'TEL_ZEN ’ / [deg] Telescope zenith angle at subint centre

TFORM12 = '1E ’ / Float

TTYPE13 = ‘DAT_FREQ’ / [MHz] Centre frequency for each channel

TFORM13 = '1024E ’ / NCHAN floats

TTYPE14 = 'DAT_WTS ’ / Weights for each channel

TFORM14 = '1024E ’ / NCHAN floats

TTYPE15 = ‘DAT_OFFS’ / Data offset for each channel

TFORM15 = '4096E ’ / NCHAN*NPOL floats

TTYPE16 = 'DAT_SCL ’ / Data scale factor for each channel

TFORM16 = '4096E ’ / NCHAN*NPOL floats

TTYPE17 = 'DATA ’ / Subint data table

TFORM17 = ‘4194304B’ / NBINNCHANNPOL*NSBLK int, byte(B) or bit(X)

INT_TYPE= 'TIME ’ / Time axis (TIME, BINPHSPERI, BINLNGASC, etc)

INT_UNIT= 'SEC ’ / Unit of time axis (SEC, PHS (0-1), DEG)

SCALE = 'FluxDen ’ / Intensity units (FluxDen/RefFlux/Jansky)

NPOL = 4 / Nr of polarisations

POL_TYPE= ‘AABBCRCI’ / Polarisation identifier (e.g., AABBCRCI, AA+BB)

TBIN = 4.9152E-05 / [s] Time per bin or sample

NBIN = 1 / Nr of bins (PSR/CAL mode; else 1)

NBIN_PRD= 0 / Nr of bins/pulse period (for gated data)

PHS_OFFS= 0. / Phase offset of bin 0 for gated data

NBITS = 8 / Nr of bits/datum (SEARCH mode ‘X’ data, else 1)

NSUBOFFS= 0 / Subint offset (Contiguous SEARCH-mode files)

NCHAN = 1024 / Number of channels/sub-bands in this file

CHAN_BW = 0.48828125 / [MHz] Channel/sub-band width

NCHNOFFS= 0 / Channel/sub-band offset for split files

NSBLK = 1024 / Samples/row (SEARCH mode, else 1)

EXTNAME = 'SUBINT ’ / name of this binary table extension

TUNIT1 = 's ’ / Units of field

TUNIT2 = 's ’ / Units of field

TUNIT3 = 's ’ / Units of field

TUNIT4 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT5 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT6 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT7 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT8 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT9 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT10 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT11 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT12 = 'deg ’ / Units of field

TUNIT13 = 'MHz ’ / Units of field

TDIM17 = ‘(1,1024,4,1024)’ / Dimensions (NBITS or NBIN,NCHAN,NPOL,NSBLK)

TUNIT17 = 'Jy ’ / Units of subint data

EXTVER = 1 / auto assigned by template parser

FAST 数据columns

ColDefs(

name = ‘TSUBINT’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘s’

name = ‘OFFS_SUB’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘s’

name = ‘LST_SUB’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘s’

name = ‘RA_SUB’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘DEC_SUB’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘GLON_SUB’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘GLAT_SUB’; format = ‘1D’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘FD_ANG’; format = ‘1E’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘POS_ANG’; format = ‘1E’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘PAR_ANG’; format = ‘1E’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘TEL_AZ’; format = ‘1E’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘TEL_ZEN’; format = ‘1E’; unit = ‘deg’

name = ‘DAT_FREQ’; format = ‘1024E’; unit = ‘MHz’

name = ‘DAT_WTS’; format = ‘1024E’

name = ‘DAT_OFFS’; format = ‘4096E’

name = ‘DAT_SCL’; format = ‘4096E’

name = ‘DATA’; format = ‘4194304B’; unit = ‘Jy’; dim = ‘(1,1024,4,1024)’

)